Expressions using tener

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1 Expressions using tener
Grammar 2 The present tense Ser / Estar Expressions using tener Reflexive verbs Commands Negatives and negative phrases Verbs which take the infinitive Click on arrows to move to the required section. On the last slide of each section, you will find a purple menu button in the bottom left hand corner which will return you to this slide. Modal auxiliaries / Perífrasis verbales The present participle The present continuous

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3 The present tense 1 The present tense is used to talk about what is happening now or, in general terms, what happens every day. Examples: Juego al tenis I play tennis Estoy en 1º de Bachillerato I am in Year 10 Tengo un hermano I have got one brother Me cepillo los dientes I brush my teeth The first example can be translated not just as ‘I play tennis’, but also as ‘I am playing tennis’ and ‘I do play tennis.’ In English we have different forms of the present tense just as we do in Spanish!

4 The present tense 2 The present tense of regular verbs is formed in
the following way: 1. Verbs whose infinitive ends in -ar Take the -ar from the end of the infinitive. Add the following endings: -o for I -as for you -a for he, she and it -amos for we -áis for you -an for they

5 hablar – to speak habl o habl as habl a habl amos habl áis habl an
The present tense 3 hablar – to speak habl o I speak, I am speaking habl as You speak, you are speaking habl a He / she speaks, he / she is speaking habl amos We speak, we are speaking habl áis You speak, you are speaking habl an They speak, they are speaking

6 The present tense 4 The following verbs are all regular verbs like HABLAR. This means that you can write them or say them in the same way as you did with HABLAR. The only difference will appear in the beginning (stem) of the verb. Here are some more common -ar verbs. Choose two and write them out in full, with the meaning in English. aceptar = to accept cantar = to sing llorar = to cry amar = to love charlar = to chat mirar = to look at arreglar = to fix dibujar = to draw pagar = to pay ayudar = to help entrar = to go in pescar = to fish bajar = to go down ganar = to win saltar = to jump bailar = to dance lavar = to wash tocar = to touch buscar = to look for llenar = to fill viajar = to travel

7 The present tense 5 2. Verbs whose infinitive ends in -er
Take the -er from the end of the infinitive. Add the following endings: -o for I -es for you -e for he, she and it -emos for we -éis for you -en for they

8 comer - to eat com o com es com e com emos com éis com en
The present tense 6 comer - to eat com o I eat, I am eating com es You eat, you are eating com e He / she eats, he / she is eating com emos We eat, we are eating com éis You eat, you are eating com en They eat, they are eating

9 The present tense 7 3. Verbs whose infinitive ends in -ir
Take the -ir from the end of the infinitive. Add the following endings: -o for I -es for you -e for he ,she, and it -imos for we -ís for you -en for they

10 abrir - to open abr o abr es abr e abr imos abr ís abr en
The present tense 8 abrir - to open abr o I open, I am opening abr es You open, you are opening abr e He / she opens, he / she is opening abr imos We open, we are opening abr ís You open, you are opening abr en They open, they are opening

11 The present tense 9 The following verbs are all regular verbs like COMER or ABRIR.. This means that you can write them or say them in the same way as you did with COMER or ABRIR. The only difference will appear in the beginning (stem) of the verb. Choose one -er verb and one -ir verb and write each out in full with the meaning in English! Like COMER beber = to drink leer = to read correr = to run meter = to put coser = to sew vender= to sell Like ABRIR cubrir = to cover escribir= to write permitir= to allow recibir = to receive

12 The present tense 10

13 The present tense 11 Stem change verbs
Some verbs follow a slightly different pattern. We will call these stem change verbs. They have regular endings like -AR, -ER and -IR verbs, but certain letters change as you go through the verb forming a consistent pattern. There are three types of stem changes which occur: -o > -ue -e > -ie -e > -i

14 The present tense 12 Stem change verbs -o > -ue encontrar = to find
1. Identify the group to which the verb belongs = -ar 2. Write out verb as if it were regular. 3. Identify the vowel to change: it is ALWAYS the vowel just before the infinitive ending. 1. encuentro 2. encuentras 3. encuentra 4. encontramos 5. encontráis 6. encuentran encontrar: o changes to ue 4. Change the -o to -ue on parts

15 The present tense 13 Stem change verbs -o > -ue poder = to be able
1. Identify the group to which the verb belongs = -er 2. Write out verb as if it were regular. 3. Identify the vowel to change: it is ALWAYS the vowel just before the infinitive ending. 1. puedo 2. puedes 3. puede 4. podemos 5. podéis 6. pueden poder: o changes to ue 4. Change the -o to -ue on parts

16 The present tense 15 Stem change verbs -o > - ue dormir = to sleep
1. Identify the group to which the verb belongs = -ir 2. Write out verb as if it were regular. 3. Identify the vowel to change: It is ALWAYS the vowel just before the infinitive ending. 1. duermo 2. duermes 3. duerme 4. dormimos 5. dormís 6. duermen dormir: o changes to ue 4. Change the –o to –ue on parts

17 The present tense 15 Stem change verbs -e > -ie pensar = to think
1. Identify the group to which the verb belongs = -ar 2. Write out verb as if it were regular. 3. Identify the vowel to change: It is ALWAYS the vowel just before the infinitive ending. 1. pienso 2. piensas 3. piensa 4. pensamos 5. pensáis 6. piensan pensar: -e changes to ie 4. Change the –e to –ie on parts Querer and preferir are two more -e > -ie verbs. Can you write each out in full, using the four steps?

18 The present tense 16 Stem change verbs -e > -i pedir = to ask for
1. Identify the group to which the verb belongs = -ir 2. Write out verb as if it were regular. 3. Identify the vowel to change: it is ALWAYS the vowel just before the infinitive ending. 1. pido 2. pides 3. pide 4. pedimos 5. pedís 6. piden pedir: -e changes to i 4. Change the -e to -i on parts Note! This change only occurs with –IR verbs

19 The present tense 17 Unfortunately not all verbs follow these patterns. Some common verbs are irregular and must be learnt by heart! tener to have tengo I have, I am having tienes You have, you are having tiene He / she / it has, he / she / it is having tenemos We have, we are having tenéis You have, you are having tienen They have, they are having

20 The present tense 18 ir to go voy I go, I am going vas You go, you are going va He / she / it goes, he / she / it is going vamos We go, we are going vais You go, you are going van They go, they are going

21 The present tense 19 Some verbs are just irregular in the 1st person.
poner to put Poner would be regular like comer except for the extra letter in the 1st part. pongo I put, I am putting pones You put, you are putting pone He / she / it puts, he / she / it is putting ponemos We put, we are putting ponéis You put, you are putting ponen They put, they are putting menu

22 Ser / Estar 1 Here are two more very important verbs. They both mean the same thing! ser - to be estar – to be soy I am, I am being estoy eres You are, you are being estás es He / she / it is, is being está somos We are, we are being estamos sois You are, you are being estáis son They are, they are being están

23 Ser / Estar 2 Both of these verbs mean ‘to be’,
but which one do you use? SER is used for: ESTAR is used for: 1. Things which are permanent 1. Position 2. Names Temporary things or states 3. Nationality Present continuous actions 4. Time Place 5. Colour 6. Possession Examples: Examples: 1. La casa es de piedra El libro está en la mesa. 2. Es Roberto La paella está fría. 3. Roberto es español Ahora está lloviendo. 4. Son las tres en punto Sevilla está en el sur. 5. El plátano es amarillo. 6. El libro es de Ana.

24 Decide which to use: ser or estar.
Ser / Estar 3 Decide which to use: ser or estar. menu

25 Expressions using tener
The verb TENER means ‘to have’, but very often, by putting another word with it, it is translated instead by ‘to be’. Examples: When you say your age: Tengo quince años. – I am fifteen. Tener calor to be hot Tener frío to be cold Tener cuidado to be careful Tener hambre to be hungry Tener sed to be thirsty Tener miedo to be afraid Tener razón to be right Tener sueño to be sleepy Tener suerte to be lucky Tener éxito to be successful Use these expressions to make up some sentences. menu

26 Reflexive verbs 1 me te se nos os se
Reflexive verbs are generally used to express actions that we do to ourselves, e.g. I wash myself, or often have the word get e.g. I get washed. In Spanish you use a ‘reflexive pronoun’ in place of myself or get: In the dictionary, the letters se on the end of the infinitive tell you it is a reflexive verb. lavarse - to get washed me te se nos 1. Write out the verb as if it were a normal regular verb. os 2. Add the correct reflexive pronoun. se

27 Reflexive verbs 2 lavarse to get washed me lavo I get washed te lavas
you get washed se lava he / she gets washed nos lavamos we get washed os laváis you get washed se lavan they get washed

28 Reflexive verbs 3 Using what you have learnt about the verb lavarse to help you, try writing the following two verbs out in full in the same way (they are both regular -ar verbs). levantarse - to get up ducharse - to have a shower me te se nos os levanto me te se nos os ducho levantas duchas levanta ducha levantamos duchamos levantáis ducháis levantan duchan

29 Reflexive verbs 4 Here are some other reflexive verbs which may be of use when you want to talk about your daily routine in Spanish: despertarse - to wake up levantarse - to get up lavarse - to get washed afeitarse - to have a shave ducharse - to have a shower vestirse - to get dressed quitarse la ropa - to get undressed cepillarse los dientes - to brush your teeth arreglarse - to get ready acostarse - to go to bed The three verbs with an orange letter are stem change verbs as well as reflexive verbs. Write a short description of your daily routine using the verbs given here. menu

30 Commands 1 If you need to tell someone what to do in Spanish, then it is important that you use the correct part of the verb. If you want to give instructions to a friend, someone your age, or to a member of your family, then it is best to use the tú form of the verb. For all regular verbs, drop the -s from the end of the normal tú form. Even most irregular verbs follow this rule. Infinitive Present tense tú form Imperative hablar - to talk hablas - you talk ¡Habla! - Talk! comer - to eat comes - you eat ¡Come! - Eat! abrir - to open abres - you open ¡Abre! - Open! cerrar - to close cierras - you close ¡Cierra! - Close!

31 Commands 2 If you want to tell a group of people (family, friends,children) to do something, then simply take the infinitive form of the verb (the part that ends in -AR, -ER, or -IR), take off the r and add the letter d. There are no exceptions to this! hablar comer abrir ¡Hablad! ¡Comed! ¡Abrid! This is the probably the form you will hear your teacher use when he or she addresses the class as a whole: ¡Mirad! - Look!

32 Commands 3 ¡No hablas hables!! comas! comes ¡No abres
Telling someone not to do something is quite easy too! Take the normal tú ending off the verb. 2. Change the verb endings in the following way: Use -ER endings for -AR verbs Use -AR endings for -ER and -IR verbs 3. Finally just put the no in front of the command word Click to see how to form negative commands ¡No hablas hables!! ¡No comas! comes ¡No abras! abres menu

33 Negatives and negative phrases 1
To use negatives in Spanish means you want to say that you do not do something. Compare the English: I run I do not run. 1. To change a sentence into the negative in Spanish usually you just put no in front of the verb. 2. If the verb is made up of two parts always put the no before the first part. Examples: 1. Hablo español No hablo español. 2. He comido gambas. No he comido gambas.

34 Negatives and negative phrases 2
Respuestas No veo la televisión todos los días. Ayer no vi dos programas. El viernes pasado no vi mi programa preferido. No he visto la última película de George Clooney. No como pescado y patatas fritas. No practico el tenis en verano. No leo libros en mis horas libres. No voy al cine los viernes. No salgo con mis amigos. Change these sentences into the negative: Veo la televisión todos los días. Ayer vi dos programas. El viernes pasado vi mi programa preferido. He visto la última película de George Clooney. Como pescado y patatas fritas. Practico el tenis en verano. Leo libros en mis horas libres. Voy al cine los viernes. Salgo con mis amigos. Answers appear all at once on mouse click.

35 Negatives and negative phrases 3
Another way to change a sentence into the negative is to use another word with no. The following can be used for negatives: nada = nothing nunca = never ningún(a) = no/not any nadie = nobody ni…ni = neither…nor They can be used in the following two ways: 1. Place the no in front of the verb and the other word directly after the verb. 2. Put the special word in front of the verb and do not use no. Examples: 1. No vi nada Nada vi I saw nothing. 2. No viene nunca. Nunca viene. She / He never comes. 3. No vino nadie Nadie vino Nobody came. 4. No sobrevivió ninguna persona. Nobody survived. Ninguna persona sobrevivió. 5. No vinieron ni Paco ni Ana. Neither Paco nor Ana came. Ni Paco ni Ana vinieron. Note that ni…ni works slightly differently!

36 Negatives and negative phrases 4
Rewrite the sentences, this time including the negative expression in brackets. You may leave out the no, if you wish! 1. Voy al centro de la ciudad (no) (nunca) 2. Raúl y Roberto vinieron a la discoteca. (ni…ni) 3. Vi a alguien en la calle (no) (nadie) 4. Roberto sale de casa (no) (nunca) 5. Lo había leído (no) (nadie) 6. Para la clase de historia necesito algo. (no) (nada) 7. Hay un hombre en la playa (no) (ningún) 8. Tiene naranjas y manzanas (ni…ni) 9. He comprado un regalo (no) (ningún) 10. He comprado algo (no) (nada) 1. No voy nunca al centro de la ciudad. Nunca voy al centro de la ciudad. 2. No vinieron ni Raúl ni Roberto a la discoteca. Ni Raúl ni Roberto vinieron a la discoteca. 3. No vi a nadie en la calle. A nadie vi en la calle. 4. Roberto no sale nunca de casa. Roberto nunca sale de casa. 5. No lo había leído nadie. Nadie lo había leído. 6. Para la clase de historia no necesito nada. Nada necesito para la clase de historia. 7. No hay ningún hombre en la playa. Ningún hombre hay en la playa. 8. No tiene ni naranjas ni manzanas. Ni naranjas ni manzanas tiene. 9. No he comprado ningún regalo. 10.No he comprado nada. Nada he comprado. Suggested answers appear all at once on mouse click. menu

37 Verbs which take the infinitive
The infinitive is the part of the verb you will find in the dictionary. In Spanish, it usually ends with -AR, -ER or -IR. We usually translate the infinitive as to do something, for example to talk, to eat or to open. If you see an infinitive in a Spanish sentence, you will find that it usually follows another verb. Example: I want to go home Quiero volver a casa. In this sentence there are two verbs: 1 = I want (quiero) 2 = to go / return (volver) The first verb is in the first person (yo). The second verb always stays in the infinitive. menu

38 Modal auxiliaries / Perífrasis modales 1
In Spanish, the idea of “must” or “having to do something” can be constructed with a number of expressions. Here are some examples: Deber + infinitive… (I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ they) must… Tener que + infinitive … (I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ they) must… Hay que + infinitive … One must / has to… 1. Debes tener más cuidado You must take more care. 3. Hay que relajarse One must relax. 4. Tengo que comprar pan I have to buy bread. These perífrasis verbales express obligation.

39 Modal auxiliaries / Perífrasis modales 2
Now try putting these sentences into Spanish. 1. You must sit down. 2. One has to study hard. 3. You must take these pills three times a day. 4. It is necessary to leave early. 5. You have to buy this book. 6. You must see this film. 7. One has to buy some milk. 8. You have to drive more carefully. 9. You must see a doctor. Respuestas. 1. Debes sentarte. 2. Hay que estudiar mucho. 3. Debes tomarte estas pastillas tres veces al día. 4. Hay que salir temprano. 5. Debes comprar este libro. 6. Hay que ver esta película. 7. Hay que comprar leche. 8. Tienes que conducir con más cuidado. 9. Debes consultar al médico. menu

40 The present participle 1
The present participle is a very useful part of the verb. It is usually translated in English by ‘-ing’, e.g. I am talking Normally, you can just use the present tense for this in Spanish: Hablo español = I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish. But sometimes you need to emphasize exactly what you are doing at a certain point in time, and it is then that the present participle is needed. When this happens in the present tense, we call this the: present continuous. Example: Listen, I am talking! ¡Escucha, estoy hablando! present tense verb present participle

41 The present participle 2
How do we form the present participle? To form the present participle of an -AR verb, take the infinitive, remove the -AR and add -ANDO HABL HABLAR ANDO To form the present participle of an -ER or -IR verb, take the infinitive, remove the -ER or -IR, and add -IENDO. COM COMER IENDO ABR ABRIR IENDO

42 The present participle 3
Irregular present participles There are only a few irregular present participles and they can be put into two groups. Verbs which use a y instead of an i: verb stem participle caer to fall cay cayendo falling leer to read ley leyendo reading ir to go y yendo going oír to hear oy oyendo hearing 2. Spelling change verbs verb stem participle servir to serve sirv sirviendo serving pedir to ask for pid pidiendo asking for dormir to sleep durm durmiendo sleeping decir to say dic diciendo saying venir to come vin viniendo coming menu

43 The present continuous 1
The verb can be divided into two parts as in English. Example: I am eating. I am from the verb to be (in Spanish you use ESTAR) eating the present participle of the verb to eat. In Spanish this now becomes a compound tense or, quite simply, a verb in two parts. It is quite straightforward to form and use, provided you form the two parts in the way that you are shown on the next slide.

44 The present continuous 2
To form the present continuous tense in Spanish you need 2 parts. 1. The present tense of ‘estar’ 2. The present participle of the verb you are emphasizing I am speaking estoy hablando You are speaking estás hablando He / she / it is speaking está hablando We are speaking estamos hablando You are speaking estáis hablando They are speaking están hablando ‘Estar’ changes but the present participle does not.

45 The present continuous 3
Now see if you can change the present tense to the present continuous in each of the following sentences! Juan y Ana están bebiendo café con leche en la cafetería. Nosotros estamos leyendo revistas en la clase de ciencias. Los camareros están atendiendo a muchos clientes hoy. Anita está poniendo la mesa para ayudar a su madre. El gato está durmiendo en el jardín. Los niños están jugando al fútbol en el parque. Mi madre está viendo su telenovela preferida en la tele. Yo estoy aprendiendo español en el instituto. Vosotras estáis cantando en el coro. El cliente está pidiendo la cuenta. Juan y Ana beben café con leche en la cafetería. Nosotros leemos revistas en la clase de ciencias. Los camareros atienden a muchos clientes hoy. Anita pone la mesa para ayudar a su madre. El gato duerme en el jardín. Los niños juegan al fútbol en el parque. Mi madre ve su telenovela preferida en la tele. Yo aprendo español en el instituto. Vosotras cantáis en el coro. El cliente pide la cuenta. Answers appear all at once on mouse click. menu