Fundamentos de Vuelo This presentation as I go through it today may seem somewhat disjointed so let me explain what’s going on. I’ve posted this presentation.

Presentación del tema: "Fundamentos de Vuelo This presentation as I go through it today may seem somewhat disjointed so let me explain what’s going on. I’ve posted this presentation."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Fundamentos de Vuelo This presentation as I go through it today may seem somewhat disjointed so let me explain what’s going on. I’ve posted this presentation on our website so all of you can access it. It’s a ‘slide bank’ more than one cohesive presentation I wanted to make it useful to you regardless of the grade level you’re teaching. So what you’ll see today is a mix of slides from different sources with different levels of explanation. You can pick and choose what will work for you in your classroom. I’ve also included notes on most slides. Some is scripting and there are also leads to website for more information or more illustrations. These first two slides are a good example – two different explanations of the same thing, each of which can stand alone in the presentation. Delete or hide the one you don’t want to use.

2 ¿Por que vuela la aeronave?
sustentacion Resistencia Empuje Peso Since the Wright brothers first flew in 1903, people have created a multitude of airplane types. But every one of them has dealt with the same four forces--lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Lift is the hardest to understand, so let’s tackle it first. We used a query response (I say “lift” you say “weight”, I say “thrust” you say “drag”) of the four forces to get the kids settled when we taught the Aviation Immersion to 3rd, 4th and 5th graders at Cherry Creek Challenge School. Picture from: Plane Math (See Internet Resources Guide) Existe cuatro Fuerzas actuan el avion y reaccionan en sentido opuesto en un mismo eje.

3 CUATRO FUERZAS EN VUELO
Since the Wright brothers first flew in 1903, people have created a multitude of airplane types. But every one of them has dealt with the same four forces--lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Lift is the most complex, so let’s tackle it first. Picture from: (See Internet Resources Guide) Existe cuatro Fuerzas actuan el avion y reaccionan en sentido opuesto en un mismo eje.

4 ¿Como se crea la sustentacion ?
Aire , movimiento y una superficie. ¿Como se explica ? Newton Leyes de movimiento Bernoulli con el tubo Venturi You need a fluid (air acts like a fluid) and motion. You need air and you need the wing to be moving through the air (or air to be moving over the wing). ***So, if the lift off speed of a small aircraft is 50 kts, will it try to fly in a strong wind? You bet it will – that’s why we always tie airplanes down! Laws/principals proposed by Bernoulli & Newton are used to explain lift. (although neither of them proposed the theories for that reason)

5 2da Ley de Newton: La fuerza experimenta un cambio de velocidad realizando un giro que genera otra fuerza F=m*a. 3ra Ley de Newton: El flujo neto del aire resulta en igual fuerza en sentido contrario; Ley de la acción y reacción. Newton’s Second Law states that a force will cause a change in velocity and a change in velocity will generate a force. Also, the net flow of air around the wing is turned down resulting in an ‘equal and opposite’ upward force (Newton’sThird Law). From NASA’s Glenn Research Center: Lift occurs when a flow of gas is turned by a solid object.(Newton’s Second Law – a force will cause a change in velocity and a change in velocity will generate a force.) The flow is turned in one direction, and the lift is generated in the opposite direction, according to Newton's Third Law of action and reaction. For an airfoil, both the upper and lower surfaces contribute to the flow turning. Neglecting the upper surface's part in turning the flow leads to an incorrect theory of lift. For more detail, visit the Glenn Research Center site:

6 3ra Ley de Newton : acción y reacción
Illustration from Plane Math: (See Internet Resources) Kite or How to send your wife to Home Depot to get a 4’ x 8’ sheet of plywood on a windy day.

7 Venturi Tube Primera práctica utilizada en el teorema Bernouli
Usos para el tubo venturi. Understanding a Venturi tube is essential to understanding lift. As velocity in the constriction increases, pressure must decrease.

8 Manteniendo dos hojas de papel juntas, tal como muestra en la foto, y logramos soplar entre ella. No importa la fuerza que apliques durante tu soplado no podras unir los papeles. Also: Make two stacks of books, three or four tall. Place them next to each other with a small gap between. Place a sheet of paper over the books. Move the two stacks close enough to each other that the paper doesn’t sag down into the gap. Now blow between the books, under the paper. You might expect the ‘wind’ to blow the paper up, but it the lower pressure will suck the paper down into the gap.

9 Teoría de Bernoulli en acción
The sideward tug you feel on your car when you pass a large truck going in the opposite direction is caused by air pressure. The passing vehicles form a constriction that speeds up the flow of air, reducing the air pressure between them. (It makes no difference which is moving--the air or the vehicles. The result is the same.) The higher air pressure on the other side of the car pushes it toward the truck during the split-second as they pass. La alta velocidad entre el carro y el camion generan una presion que hace empujar al otro.

10 ¿Que esta pasando en el Perfil Alar?
Venturi tubes describe what happens over a wing. A wing acts like half a venturi tube. Un Perfil Alar es la mitad de un tubo venturi.

11 A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as it moves through a constricted space
Bernoulli el principio del estado mostrado en la figura existe una alta velocidad y una baja presión . We’ve covered how Newton’s Laws of Motion are used to explain lift. Let’s talk now about how Bernoulli’s Principle helps. When moving air encounters an obstacle--a person, a tree, a wing--its path narrows as it flows around the object. Even so, the amount of air moving past any section of the path must be the same, because mass can be neither created nor destroyed. The air must speed up where the path narrows, in order to have the same mass flowing through it. So air speeds up where its path narrows and slows down where it widens.

12 One of the many simple illustrations of Bernoulli’s Principle
One of the many simple illustrations of Bernoulli’s Principle. Here a couple more follow.

13 Principio de Bernoulli : la poca velocidad del aire en la zona baja del perfil genera una alta presión que lo impulsa . We’ve covered how Newton’s Laws of Motion are used to explain lift. Let’s talk now about how Bernoulli’s Principle helps. The air above a wing tends to move faster than the air below it. According to Bernoulli's Principle, slower air has higher pressure than faster air. That means that the air pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wing is greater than the pressure pushing down, so the wing goes up.

14 Principio de Bernoulli : El flujo de aire en movimiento sobre el perfil se mueve rapidamente en comparación con el flujo de aire de abajo del perfil, resultando una alta presion en la zona baja del perfil que prduce una fuerza positiva, conocida como sustentacion. A wing is shaped and tilted so the air moving over it moves faster than the air moving under it. Bernoulli’s Principle says that as air speeds up, its pressure goes down. The faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift! Illustration from “How Things Fly” (See Internet Resources)

15 Principio de Bernoulli: la presión varía alrededor del perfil alar resultando una fuerza aerodinámica que lo empuja para arriba. Bernoulli’s Principal explains how pressure variation around a wing results in a net aerodynamic force. Air moving more quickly over the top of the wing creates lower pressure above. For more detail, visit the Glenn Research Center site:

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17 Un Perfil Alar es una combinación del Principio Bernoulli y la 3ra Ley de Newton
The super-simple explanation!

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19 Cabeceo en el eje Lateral

20 Elevador Controla el cabeceo
El ELEVADOR controla CABECEO. En la parte Horizontal de la cola, el elevador sube y baja

21 Alabeo en el eje Longitudinal

22 Aleron Controla el Alabeo
El ALERON controla ALABEO. En la partede atras del ala se mueve en direciones opuestas , aumentando y disminuyendo la sustentación

23 Giñada en el eje vertical

24 Timon de Direccion Controla la Guiñada
El TIMON DE DIRECCION controla la GIÑADA. En la cola del avion se mueve lateralmente.

25 Partes del avión The most important part is the wing – remember, this is how the airplane generates lift. What does it take to generate lift again? Motion! The prop and engine are necessary to get the airplane moving through the air so the wings can do their job and create lift. The fuselage is where you go! That’s the body of the airplane – where the pilot, passengers and baggage ride. Ailerons, elevators and rudder are control surfaces. These are how the pilot steers the airplane.

26 Partes del Avion Why are the wheel pants shaped the way they are?
A vertical stabilizer, or tail fin, keeps the airplane lined up with its direction of motion. Air presses against both its surfaces with equal force when the airplane is moving straight ahead. But if the airplane pivots to the right or left, air pressure increases on one side of the stabilizer and decreases on the other. This imbalance in pressure pushes the tail back into line. Like the vertical stabilizer, the horizontal stabilizer helps keep the airplane aligned with its direction of motion. If the airplane tilts up or down, air pressure increases on one side of the stabilizer and decreases on the other, pushing it back to its original position. The stabilizer also holds the tail down, counteracting the tendency of the nose to tilt downward--a result of the airplane's center of gravity being forward of the wing's center of lift. To help make turning easier, an airplane is usually less stable along its roll axis than along its pitch and yaw axes. Several factors help the pilot keep the wings level: the inclined mounting of the wings, the position of the wings above or below the fuselage, the swept-back shape of the wings, and the vertical stabilizer. As an airplane rolls, it tends to slip to the side, changing the direction of relative wind on the wings and tail. These design features help the pilot restore the airplane to its upright position. Flaps change a wing's curvature, increasing lift. Airplanes use flaps to maintain lift at lower speeds, particularly during takeoff and landing. This allows an airplane to make a slower landing approach and a shorter landing. Flaps also increase drag, which helps slow the airplane and allows a steeper landing approach.