Tecnología Computacional II parte

Tecnología Computacional II parte
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Tecnología Computacional II parte Redes Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy
Computing Fundamentals ¿Qué es una red? Sistema que permite que dos o más computadoras se comuniquen y compartan recursos entre sí. También se le conoce con el nombre de sistemas centralizados. Las máquinas se pueden conectar vía cables o vía inalámbrica. Pg 9 Objective Spend some time discussing how information can only be shared via a network; otherwise it requires users to copy information to a device that then has to be transported to the other computer(s). Discuss how the centralized system terminology is very applicable to a network as most information must flow from and to the network through the requests made by users connected to the network. Provide examples of this including a simple one of sending back and forth, to multiple users processing information on a network requesting past insurance data or entering new or renewed accounts to someone who is creating a presentation on increased accounts. Open a class discussion to see how many people are aware of networks and how they can be a combination of different machines, e.g., the teller’s computer and ATMs are smart terminals, the financial advisors in that bank may have a desktop machine for processing letters to customers and are also connected to the mainframe system to pull up information about a customer’s accounts, the network used in the bank may be a Windows-based system but it is connected to the bank’s mainframe system that contains all archival information about every customer for all branches, etc. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tipos de Redes LAN Red de área local - Una red que conecta un número pequeño o mediano de computadoras en un área interna/privada. WAN Red de área extensa - Una red que conecta computadoras a larga distancia, es externa. MAN Red de área metropolitana - Una red que conecta computadoras en el área metropolitana. CAN Red de área campus - Una red que conecta computadoras en un área limitada, como en una base militar o campus. HAN Red de área doméstica - Una red que conecta computadoras en un lugar de habitación. Pg 9 Discuss the different types of network. It isn’t necessary to discuss the different types of network software or hardware that need to be installed prior to setting up one of these network types. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals LAN (Red de Área Local) Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

MAN (Red de área metropolitana)
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals MAN (Red de área metropolitana) Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

HAN (Red de área doméstica )
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals HAN (Red de área doméstica ) Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

WAN (Red de área extensa)
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals WAN (Red de área extensa) Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

CAN (Red de área Campus)
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals CAN (Red de área Campus) Informática Mecánica Medicina Arquitectura Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tipos de Redes Cada computadora necesita de una tarjeta de red (NIC) y los cables apropiados para conectarla a un computador llamado servidor. Pg 9 You can begin to introduce how computers are connected to a network and discuss a brief history of how they used to be set up (central system for information with no storage capacity at the user’s end) to individual systems that can be connected or used as stand-alone systems. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Ejemplos de Tipos de Redes
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Ejemplos de Tipos de Redes Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Características y Beneficios
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Características y Beneficios Gran capacidad de almacenamiento de información. Recursos compartidos. Organizar información de una manera más efectiva para el acceso de los usuarios. Mantener actualizaciones de los programas desde un mismo lugar. Administrar y manejar seguridad de acceso. Diferentes perfiles para usuarios que comparten la estación de trabajo. Acceso remoto seguro para usuarios fuera de la oficina. Pg 10 Go through the list of noted benefits and point out others not on the list to students. Most students may not understand why they need to know this so you may want to focus on how advantageous this is when working in a company that has a lot of information that needs to be shared, e.g., schools, insurance/financial institutions, libraries, etc. Provide an example of how time consuming it may be to share information from one stand-alone machine to another in one home. If the first computer has a software program installed on it and the user wants to have access to the same software on the second computer, they would then need to get the CD to install it. If the CD is needed in order to start and actually run the program, a copy must be made of the CD so both computers can run that software at the same time. If a document was saved on one of the computers and they wanted to change it on the other computer, they would need to copy it onto something that can then be taken to the other computer in order to be able to open and modify it. Multiply this process by even ten different users and a network becomes very handy for all these types of processes. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Interactuar con Redes Se necesita una identificación válida de usuario y una contraseña. Dependiendo de los requerimientos, la computadora ejecutará un mini-programa que le dirá a la red qué derechos de acceso tiene: Impresoras, módems, carpetas, etc. Número de archivos, programas, o unidades disponibles La velocidad en la que acceda a estos elementos dependerá de la velocidad de conexión de su red, la velocidad del microprocesador del sistema, y el número de pedidos u órdenes que se estén haciendo en la red. Pg 11 Objective This topic addresses why the questions that students sometimes have regarding why they don’t see or have the same things on their computer as someone else, or why the network seems slow. People tend to blame the computer for not being “fast enough” but sometimes the delay occurs in other areas that they don’t consider such as illustrated in the last point. This is also true for Internet connections. Many people don’t realize or recognize that the Internet is also a network and the speed at which they get information depends on the connection speed, the number of other users online, etc. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Elementos de una Computadora Personal
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Elementos de una Computadora Personal Hay cuatro elementos que componen el sistema de una computadora personal: El usuario, el software, el hardware y la electricidad El elemento central es el usuario. El software seleccionado requiere ciertos componentes hardware para funcionar correctamente A este equipo se le llama HARDware ya que se pueden tocar los componentes. Los programas llamados SOFTware ya que solo funcionan mientras la computadora esté encendida: Un programa software es un grupo de instrucciones en código que la computadora utiliza mediante una serie de señales de encendido y apagado para poder llevar a cabo la tarea del usuario Estas señales empiezan a ejecutarse una vez encendida la computadora Pg 13 This is an outline of the topics covered in this lesson. Although the list seems relatively small, there are a number of smaller headings within these points that will fill up the time for this lesson. The amount of time you spend on each and the depth of discussion may also depend on the level of involvement you have with the class, e.g., questions they have regarding any of these items, how many items you have for them to review, etc. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Un Vistazo Hay cuatro importantes componentes hardware en un sistema: Unidad de Sistema (CPU) la Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio (RAM) Dispositivos de Entrada y Salida Dispositivos de almacenamiento También se les conoce como componentes internos y externos Pg 14 Discuss the different components of the PC. This will be the first introduction to recognizing the computer as is without turning it on. At this point, have students identify where the on/off and reset buttons are on the monitor and CPU. If possible, try to have each of the internal components for a CPU available for distribution around the class. Students like to be able to touch and review the items in order to understand what it is and how it fits into the overall structure of the computer. If you don’t have access to these components, be sure to use the picture as a reference so students have something they can relate to as you talk about the item. Introduce the concepts of internal and external components here so students understand that these components need to be plugged in before the computer will work. Use the analogy of a car engine in that there are many working parts of the engine which one cannot see until the car fails and is taken apart by the mechanic. The computer works the same in that if the monitor is black, it may be more than just that the cable is not connected properly – the video card inside the CPU may be damaged and need to be replaced. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Unidad de Sistema La Unidad de Sistema es la parte más importante Puede ser una caja Desktop o una caja Tower Dentro de la unidad los diferentes dispositivos ejecutan funciones especiales Tower Box Desktop Box Pg 14 Objectives 1.1.4, 1.2.2 Draw their attention to issue of turning the desktop into a “tower”. Oftentimes desks are not large enough to hold a desktop model and people may be tempted to turn it sideways. This transition is not always compatible. Make sure students understand there is no difference between the tower and the desktop; as time permits, elaborate on the different types of towers and desktops based on what they can provide (e.g., mini tower may only be able to hold a floppy and CD drive whereas a full tower might have a floppy drive, two CD drives, and a zip drive, one desktop model might be higher than another even though they both only have a floppy and CD drive installed). Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tarjeta Madre La tarjeta de circuito electrónica más grande de la computadora es la tarjeta madre. Es la base de la computadora y consiste del CPU, el RAM y el ROM. Pg 15 Objectives 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.2.2 This is one of the most important internal components of a computer as it determines the type of computer, and what else can be plugged into the board as “add-ons”. Go through descriptions provided on the following pages as this will introduce students to items that make up a computer. Depending on the computer and make of the motherboard, the cost to replace a motherboard starts at $150+. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tarjeta madre Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Unidad de Sistema Ranuras CPU Ranuras RAM Ranuras AGP Ranuras PCI Pg 15 Descriptions of the components labeled here are on the next slide. Ranuras de Expansion Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Unidad de Sistema Ranuras de expansión Diseñadas para expandir la computadora al agregar elementos como tarjetas de video, memoria, etc. Ranuras PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect; permiten agregar nuevos componentes o tarjetas a la computadora, por ejemplo módem, sonido, etc. Ranuras AGP Accelerated Graphics Port; diseñada para una tarjeta que acepte gráficos 3-D Ranuras CPU Central Processing Unit; contiene el microprocesador. Ranuras RAM Random Access Memory; diseñadas para este tipo tarjetas de memoria. Pg 15 Discuss each of these slots briefly. Not every computer will use all the slots shown nor will every motherboard on every computer be designed in the same way as the one shown. Mention that many of the newer Macintosh computers can use these types of internal devices, e.g., PCI cards. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals El Microprocesador El microprocesador es el “cerebro” de la computadora y se encuentra en la tarjeta madre. También es conocido como CPU (Central Processing Unit) o Unidad Central de Proceso. Recibe y ejecuta las instrucciones del programa software y del usuario. Procesa información y ejecuta instrucciones a velocidades diferentes , medida en Megahertz (MHz) o Gigahertz (GHz) Pg 15 Objective 1.1.5 Chips come with the motherboard and can oftentimes be replaced with a different microprocessor speed chip (use chart on next page or slide). Whether the chip can be changed depends on the age and make of the computer. Discuss how increasing the microprocessor speed will not necessarily make the computer run faster if the amount of RAM is kept the same. This is especially true when upgrading systems versus purchasing a new system. Depending on the computer and make of the microprocessor chip, costs for new chips can start around $150+. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Los Microprocesadores
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Los Microprocesadores Pg 15 Objective 1.1.5 Chips come with the motherboard and can oftentimes be replaced with a different microprocessor speed chip (use chart on next page or slide). Whether the chip can be changed depends on the age and make of the computer. Discuss how increasing the microprocessor speed will not necessarily make the computer run faster if the amount of RAM is kept the same. This is especially true when upgrading systems versus purchasing a new system. Depending on the computer and make of the microprocessor chip, costs for new chips can start around $150+. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Los Microprocesadores
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Los Microprocesadores Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Ranuras de Expansión Aberturas que se encuentran en la parte trasera de la unidad de sistema. Permite expandir los componentes dentro de la caja de la unidad de sistema: pueden ser tarjetas de memoria, tarjetas de sonido, tarjetas de video, módems internos, etc. Para instalar una tarjeta, solo necesita ver la parte inferior de la tarjeta e introducirla en la ranura correspondiente. Pg 16 Objectives 1.2.2, 1.2.3 The number and size of expansion slots depend on the type of computer being used and what is available on the motherboard. The only way to increase the number of expansion slots is to change the motherboard, add on a daughterboard, or buy a new computer with more slots. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Ranuras de Expansión Tarjetas de Memoria Tarjeta de video Tarjeta de Sonido Ranuras de Expansión Tarjeta de Modem Pg 16 Listed are examples of how expansion slots can be used. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Memoria RAM memory SIMM RAM memory DIMM ROM memory Cache memory Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Memoria La computadora necesita tener tarjetas de memoria instaladas antes de poder almacenar información. Se mide en Bytes (un byte es igual a un carácter) Cada archivo utilizado en un programa software por la computadora tiene un tamaño específico. El tamaño de un archivo aumenta o disminuye con base en la información almacenada en él Pg 18 Objectives 1.1.6, 1.1.7 Take a few moments to discuss how memory is measured and what people are referring to when they talk about “bytes”. Students often don’t have a true understanding of why or how this can make a difference to the processing speed of the computer. Don’t go into too much detail about how much one should have on a computer; the different memory types are broken down and discussed later in this lesson, so you can elaborate at that point. Discuss how everything they do on the computer after it has been started relies on memory in one way or another. For instance, starting the computer relies on ROM being available, starting programs and using them for a period of time depends on RAM, as well as the individual files being used with the application programs, files they create and save require memory for processing and then storage space, etc. Briefly discuss how the size of files will impact the memory and storage capacity as an introduction to file management. Use the analogy of a manual filing system where a letter might be one page and a contract is sixteen pages. The size of each document type takes up a certain amount of space in the filing cabinet; this also holds true for the computer system. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Memoria de solo lectura o ROM BIOS
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Memoria de solo lectura o ROM BIOS Grupo de circuitos integrados responsables de: iniciar la computadora chequear el RAM cargar el sistema operativo Lee la información ingresada y la procesa mientras está en la memoria Pg 19 Objective 1.1.6 Discuss how ROM is activated only once (when computer is turned on or restarted). You cannot replace a ROM chip; it is soldered onto the motherboard. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio o RAM
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio o RAM Se encuentra en la tarjeta madre Mantiene o retiene el programa software activo y la información creada por el usuario Esta memoria RAM es volátil, solo funciona mientras la computadora esté encendida Se puede utilizar en el sistema, en las tarjetas de sonido y video, y en el caché Pg 19 Objective 1.1.6 Compare the amount of RAM available to the size of a desktop. The bigger the desk, the more piles of paper that can be arranged on the desk without disrupting any other pile. The more RAM available, more programs can be started that will not disrupt another program in progress. Provide the example of working on a letter or budget, want to check , and then go onto the Internet to view a web page. All of these require RAM to run the program, process the file or web page. When looking at where to spend money on a computer, spend it on RAM. The more available RAM you have, the more programs and files that can be used on the computer. This is a cheaper alternative to buying a brand new system with a set standard amount of RAM. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio o RAM
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio o RAM SIMM Soporte para módulos individuales de memoria en línea DIMM Soporte para módulos dobles de memoria en línea Pg 20 Briefly discuss the two different types of RAM chips that can be purchased and added to computers; the difference lies in the type of microprocessor you have and whether it matches your computer. The cost of RAM chips start at $30+ depending on size, type, and market value at the time of purchase. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Memoria Caché Almacena instrucciones o datos de uso frecuente. Hay dos tipos de memoria utilizada para caché: DRAM o RAM Dinámico en constante cambio al utilizar tanta memoria como necesite; se “actualiza” constantemente SRAM o RAM estático cantidad específica de RAM; no necesita “actualizarse” Pg 20 Objective 1.1.6 This is not an IC3 objective but was added for the purpose of discussing memory types. This memory type is usually the one that confuses most students, especially if they’ve gone shopping for a computer and this is displayed or discussed by the salesperson. Some cache memory types are built into the microprocessor and work with RAM to process programs and/or files; others may be incorporated with the RAM chip. This is often known as RAM caching. Disk caching works the same as RAM caching but because it uses dynamic RAM, it can be slower. However, it does look for most recently accessed information and stores it here until needed, thereby improving speed of accessing files. Smart caching is the process of cache memory being able to recognize specific types of data accessed frequently. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Dispositivos de Entrada/Salida
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Dispositivos de Entrada/Salida Dispositivos de entrada y salida Monitor Tarjetas de Video Teclado Ratón Micrófonos Parlantes Escáner Joysticks Cámaras Digitales Cámaras/convertidores digitales de video Dispositivos Ambientales/Científicos Pg 22 This outlines the topics to be discussed in this lesson. If possible, have actual input or output samples to show the students. For the most part, even if you don’t have actual hardware components, students should be able to recognize the devices from the pictures. Be prepared to answer questions at different stages from students regarding how to use certain devices (such as digital cameras or scanners), which goes beyond this course. You may also want to address how many of the newer input devices are designed for a specific purpose as driven by market requirements, e.g., ergonomics, disabled or disadvantaged users who need technologies such as voice recognition for inputting, flat screens to reduce glare or desk space, infrared and cordless devices that address issues such as space or technology advances, etc. Although this portion of the exam addresses hardware considerations, you may also want to briefly introduce some software considerations for the input devices such as device drivers, specific software, etc. You may want to include in your discussion issues such as how the software may influence how the device responds with existing software installed. For example, the device driver for the printer identifies the printer brand model and the operating systems it was originally designed for; if you upgrade your Windows version, you may need to also update the printer driver in order to be able to use the same printer with the new Windows version. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Dispositivos de entrada/salida
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Dispositivos de entrada/salida Permiten la comunicación entre el usuario y la computadora Hay tres tipos de dispositivos de entrada y salida que usted puede utilizar: Para enviar información a la computadora Para mostrar / transmitir información de la computadora Para la comunicación entre computadoras En términos más sencillos, cualquier cosa que se utilice para ingresar información en una computadora, sin importar el formato o tipo, se considera un dispositivo. Pg 22 Objectives 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.4, 2.1.1 Discuss differences between input and output, and how some components can be either internal or external. Be sure to emphasize how important it is to make sure the plugs match. Sometimes components don’t work because they were plugged into the wrong type of plug, e.g., 9-pin versus 12-pin, keyboard in the mouse plug, etc. Briefly discuss possibility of bent pins as well and their effect on the device, e.g., may work initially but will eventually stop working. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Monitor El interruptor de encendido y apagado usualmente se encuentra en la parte de enfrente, a un lado, o en la parte trasera del monitor. Hay una gran variedad de tamaños, resoluciones y tipos de monitores. CRT Monitor Flat Panel Monitor Pg 22 Objective 1.2.4 Have students look for the buttons on the monitor as well as the two plugs at the back of the monitor. Have them follow the cables to the plug and CPU. Briefly review different buttons on the front of the monitor, relating it to a television set, where you can adjust the color, brightness, and position of the display. Don’t have students turn the monitor and computer on yet; at this point briefly discuss the buttons and then return to this topic when they turn monitor and computer on for practice. Remind students that monitors will vary in size, screen size, and resolution (how clear is the picture). Big is not always better – flat screen, LCD display, higher resolution, etc. You may also want to tie in the specification for resolution types for monitors, i.e., dpi (dots per inch), lowest is 600X800, resolution size determined by monitor type and brand, etc. Emphasize this so they understand how important it is to either have the screensaver or monitor energy-saving feature turned on, or to turn off the screen to extend the life of the picture tube of the monitor. There is also a debate among computer users about whether to turn off the monitor or not (along with the CPU) when finished at the end of each session. There is no right or wrong way; the important point here is to do what is best for the computer. For example, if the computer is in an area that is susceptible to power fluctuations, it would be best to turn off everything at the end of the day. However, if the computer is in a relatively safe area, after logging off the network, the user could leave everything on when they leave for the day. The company may also have a policy requiring all machines and equipment to be turned off at the end of the day. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tarjetas de Video Se necesita una tarjeta de video para “mostrar” información Puede comprar otra tarjeta de video con más capacidad para manejar o soportar grandes cantidades de gráficos, 3D, o solo para que sea más rápida al mostrar información. Pg 23 Objective 1.2.1, 1.2.4 Discuss different types of video cards and how they might be used, i.e., the more advanced the card, the more it is aimed at graphics intensive programs like video games, etc. You may also want to introduce different terminology used for video cards based on what they can do, e.g., video accelerator boards for games, Rage graphics to handle programs with intensive graphics, etc. Having additional video cards also allows you to set up dual monitors for processing, depending on Windows version (must be 98 or higher). Using two monitors gives the user the flexibility to drag out certain tools or screens from one monitor to the other for comparison purposes, have each application displayed on its “own” monitor, or just to make more room for the main application being used (Word is displayed on one screen and the second shows restored views of , web browser, online chat/instant text messaging, etc.). Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Tarjetas de Video Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Teclado El teclado es un dispositivo de entrada que envía información a la computadora. Herramienta principal para ingresar datos alfanuméricos (utilizar una serie de teclas o combinaciones de teclas). Tecla Escape Teclas de Función Tecla Alt Tecla Ctrl Teclas de movimiento Teclado Numérico Pg 23 Objective 1.2.1, 1.2.3 Check your classroom to see that all your keyboards are similar (e.g., [Windows] and [Application] keys available). If your classroom has a mixture, you may want to try and arrange to have only the newer keyboards available to your students. When discussing the keyboard, have students identify where these keys are on the keyboard, especially since there are some keys duplicated in different locations. Tecla Windows Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Teclado Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Utilizar el Ratón Dispositivo utilizado para mover el cursor del ratón por la pantalla del monitor. Usualmente hay dos botones que se utilizan para activar los elementos en la pantalla. Wheel Button Mouse Track Ball Thumb Button Pg 26 Objectives 1.2.1, 1.2.3 Be prepared to spend time showing students how to hold the mouse, move it around on the desk, and use the buttons. This is a perfect time to practice using the left and right mouse buttons with the computer turned off, so there’s no chance of having to undo items on the screen. The pictures here show a traditional mouse and trackball. Briefly discuss optical mice that use infrared instead of a traditional ball. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Pizarras digitales o Tablets Diseñadas para diseño gráfico. Guarda información en un lapicero especial. Vienen en una gran variedad de tamaños, software y configuraciones. Micrófonos Graba sonidos y los convierte a un formato digital. Se pueden comprar de diferentes tamaños y formas. Necesitan un software especializado para reconocerlos. Pg 27 Objectives 1.2.1, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 2.1.1 It would be helpful to have examples of some items for students to “see and touch”; however, if these aren’t available, use the diagrams in the book as a reference. Wherever possible, CCI has provided examples of multiple types of the specific device so students can recognize that devices come in different shapes, sizes, and costs. As you go through each of these items, identify them as either input or output devices and the reasoning for same. For example, describe how the microphone for a computer works exactly the same way as any other microphone; the difference is that the sound(s) is input into the computer and can be saved as an audio file, or used in an audio program such as “telephone” conversations, video conferencing, etc. Digitized tablets cost $50+, depending on the features. Microphones cost $10+, depending on the features. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Parlantes Ejecuta sonidos Diferentes tipos de sonidos digitales, como mpg, mpeg, wav, ram Escáner “Toma una foto” del elemento original y lo convierte en un formato digital Pueden utilizarse con imágenes al igual que con texto Pg 28 Speakers (or headsets/ earphones) work the same as any other listening device. Ear phones start at about $5+, headsets $15+, and speakers $30+, depending on the features. Scanners will be of interest to students who have wondered what they need in order to get their photos on the computer to send through . Being able to send pictures using has increased in popularity with the increase of new users to the Internet, and to those who have a scanner instead of a digital camera. Be prepared to answer questions about choosing a scanner versus a digital camera or having both. Scanners can cost as little as $75+, depending on the features available with the scanner. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Joysticks Diseñados para utilizarse en juegos. Cámaras Digitales Toma fotos que son capturadas automáticamente como archivos digitales. Dependiendo de la cámara puede conectarla directamente a una impresora otos o a en lector para copiar y almacenar las fotos. Digital Camera Compact Flash Reader Pg 28 Two different game controllers are shown here but there are many more types for the huge variety of games, e.g., driver’s wheel with foot pedals, controllers that look and work similar to the dedicated game equipment like Playstation, Nintendo, or Sega, etc. The one to use will depend on the game and how easy it is to use for game (as well as special features for enhancing the game play). Digital cameras are becoming more popular and are still quite costly. Additional items can be purchased to enhance the camera (e.g., memory cards) but these can begin to add up quickly and may not be the most cost effective method of taking pictures. Suggest the choice to purchase a digital camera or not depends on how often they plan to take pictures, number of pictures taken at any time, and whether they want or plan to manipulate the pictures afterwards. For example, someone who wants pictures to send to others via but does not want to alter the pictures, may want to spend the money on a good 35mm camera and a scanner. Someone into design work may find a digital camera gives them much more flexibility for manipulating colors and effects of the pictures using dedicated graphics types of programs like Photoshop. Digital cameras can cost from $200+, depending on the number of features available with the camera. Briefly go into a discussion of the cost of extra memory storage options such as the flash readers or memory sticks for digital cameras. These options are discussed further in this module. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Cámaras de video digitales o convertidores Convierte video en archivos digitales Algunas las podrá conectar directamente a la computadora pero no todas pueden convertir video automáticamente. Lectores de barras de código Diseñados para reducir la cantidad de información para transacciones de rutina o verificación de productos. Lee el código del producto. Digital Video Camera Digital Video Converter Bar Code Reader Pen Reader Pg 28-29 An alternative to buying a digital camera is to use a digital video camera instead. Many new digital cameras come with a feature to take still shots. A special software program is still required to convert the video to digital file. As well, video files can be quite large when converted to a digital format, depending on the size and quality of the video. Digital video cameras cost upwards of $500+, depending on the features available with the video camera. Analog video cameras can range in price from $200+, depending on the features available with the video camera. The second device is an example of a converter device that converts video to digital format from any video camera, regardless of whether it is digital or not. It has to be purchased separately and comes with a special program that handles the conversion. The cost of these devices start at $100+. Discuss how Bar Code readers are commonly found in any industry that needs to read large amounts of data, e.g., product inventory. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Proyector Se utiliza para proyectar información en una pantalla Vienen en diferentes tamaños, calidad de resolución y portabilidad Controles Remotos Facilita la presentación ya que le permite al orador utilizar el control remoto para realizar comandos en el proyector o computadora También disponibles para computadoras (aquellas que no pueden utilizar un ratón regular) Projector Remote Control Computer Remote Control Pg 29 Projectors are now more commonplace since they decreased in size and increased in quality and portability. They are quiet as compared to the older projector styles and the quality is quite good in order to work with newer computers. Remote controls are very popular when using a projector as it allows the presenter to be mobile during the presentation instead of always at the front or wherever the computer is hooked up to the projector. These remotes work very similar to any remote and have been programmed to match the commands of the projector and/or computer. Remotes are also available for purchase with computers for those who are disabled or unable to use the keyboard or mouse. You may want to have a brief discussion about how the computer industry is now developing more accessories for the disabled to use with computers. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida Otros dispositivos de entrada/salida: Dispositivos ambientales o científicos para medir datos específicos Calidad del aire Temperatura del suelo Censores climáticos Trabajan de la misma manera que otro dispositivo conectado a una PC para recolectar datos que posteriormente se analizarán con programas de software específicos Pg 29 While no pictures have been provided for these types of input/output devices, the focus here should be on how computers exist in a variety of industries and special devices to match the industry have been designed so the information collected can then be compiled on the computer with specialized software. This allows for reports and charts to be created from the data without requiring the work to be done manually. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Puertos Joystick y audio Teclado, Ratón, USB Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Puertos Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals El Sistema Operativo El Sistema Operativo es una colección de programas diseñados para controlar el funcionamiento del computador y la interacción con el usuario. Esencialmente ejecuta dos tareas o funciones Administra dispositivos de entrada-salida, y unidades de almacenamiento Administra archivos y programas instalados en la computadora Todas las computadoras requieren un SO para poder funcionar. Pg 64 Objectives 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3 This should be a brief introduction to what an operating system is and emphasis on how every computer must have one installed before the computer will work. Talk about the two main functions that an operating system has and why it is so crucial to the computer. Many people don’t understand the purpose of the operating system and how these two functions can affect the overall performance of the computer when new items are installed. There will be examples on the following pages and slides to demonstrate what the difference between a text based and GUI display is, so there’s no need to go into any great detail here. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Sistemas Operativos Microsoft Windows Sistema operativo para PC´s Cada versión ofrece mejores gráficos y mejor manejo de unidades y archivos Pg 65 Without going into too much detail, discuss how Windows has evolved into what it is today. Speak a bit about what WYSIWYG is and the benefits of same. Each version of Windows has significant changes in it so you may want to allude to that or keep it simple by discussing the types of file and disk management tools. The two screens here are for Windows 98 and Windows Use this as an example of how similar the screens look but each higher version has a sharper display and more features behind the scenes. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos Windows XP versión más reciente Mejor pantallas de gráficos al igual que mejoras en herramientas de manejo de archivos y unidades Pg 66 Briefly discuss the differences between Windows XP and the previous version. As new computers are being sold with this version installed, it will become more necessary that people begin to learn Windows XP. The IC exam uses Windows XP as its base so you may want to emphasize here that the concepts and the way to perform most of the tasks are exactly the same, despite the version. There will be some differences but Windows XP also provides you with the option to simulate an older version so the learning curve can be quite low. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos Mac OS Diseñado por las computadoras Apple Macintosh. Proporciona al usuario una interfase gráfica. Uno de los sistemas originales de interfase gráficos para el usuario. La versión más nueva de Mac OS está basada en la tecnología Unix. Pg 66 Although we don’t spend a lot of time showing the Apple side of computers, their operating system is still crucial as it helped to set the standard for the Windows “look and feel”. Draw on some of the items on the screen as compared to the Windows screen. The screen shown here is for OSX (version 10); the operating system for the Apple computers has not fundamentally changed. It was a terrific operating system when it was first released and continues to be a very stable one. Many of the newer features provide some great tools for finding information in the computer or on the Internet. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos UNIX Creado en los años 70 por programadores para programadores Diseñado pensando en flexibilidad; utilizó uno de los lenguajes más comunes que ya estaba disponible en la mayoría de las computadoras Principal inconveniente de este sistema operativo es que es basado en comandos de una línea que controlan las funciones versus una interfase gráfica de usuario Pg 66 Unix is often called “open source” coding and is very popular with programmers for the purpose of sharing information and programming code. However, Unix has the same look and distinct feel of DOS which draws on the text based display and one-line commands which can be frustrating to someone who is not a programmer. However, Unix has become the base operating system for very large organizations or systems that are accessed by people on or off site. Some application programs come from a Unix background but then are converted to the PC environment, as needed. Those programs used by the Apple machines do not need conversion. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos Linux Basado en Unix y proporciona una interfase gráfica que utilizó Unix. Pg 67 Linux is another type of open source programming that many programmers like except that this version uses more of a graphical display, as shown. You do not need to spend a lot of time discussing the differences between Unix, Linux as compared to Windows. Emphasize how there are organizations out there who do use Linux as their operating system or one of their operating systems for the purpose of being able to share large amounts of information across cross-platforms. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Vistazo a los Sistemas Operativos Sistemas Operativos en mano: Diseñados para trabajar con APD El sistema operativo depende del tipo de APD Windows CE Palm OS Pg 67 With PDAs becoming very popular and being offered with many more features than the original ones, many people find that the learning curve of using a PDA/Pocket PC has decreased with the release of the Windows CE version for many of the PDA models available today. Take note that not all PDAs use the same technology; some are proprietary and others simulate a Windows desktop. Students should do their research before purchasing a PDA to see that it matches their needs and knowledge. The Windows CE operating system is essentially a scaled down version of the full Windows OS for the desktop, but geared specifically to the PDA/Pocket PC. Make sure students understand they won’t always have the same functionality on a PDA as if they had a notebook or desktop. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Programas de Aplicación
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Programas de Aplicación Programa software apropiado para una tarea Procesadores de palabras Presentaciones Gráficos Correo electrónico Utilidad Contabilidad Hojas de trabajo Manejo de base de datos Multimedia Buscadores de red Paquete de programas Pg 69 Mention that 80% of the tasks students will be doing on computers are application based. Learning about operating systems is still important as this is background information, similar to learning how to drive before actually getting in the car. If you have a software box for demo, draw students’ attention to the area on the box where information is provided regarding type and requirements for the software to be used on the computer. Discuss pros and cons of using a multi-function application program versus a dedicated one. Draw their attention back to the checklist that can be used to determine which computer/software is needed. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Procesador de Palabras
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Procesador de Palabras Aplicación más popular entre los usuarios. Le permiten crear, editar y guardar documentos junto con los cambios de posición del texto en el documento, insertar nueva información, o quitando palabras o secciones que no se necesitan. Muchos de los programas dedicados a procesar palabras tienen la capacidad de manejar tareas de desktop publishing. Es el programa estándar en una oficina donde se crean documentos. También puede crear páginas web al igual que crear y editar boletines, formularios, brochures, etc. Pg 70 Objective 2.2.1 Provide a few examples of what word processors are designed for and the popular features for same, e.g., formatting (bold, italics, color text, etc.), inserting pictures, creating forms, mass mailings, etc. Briefly compare the expandability of word processors to handle desktop publishing features, as well as the limitations. Mention that although Word and WordPerfect are created by different software vendors, the concepts and features are essentially the same; the differences lie in the design of the programs, i.e., where the command is in each program. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Hojas de Cálculo Herramientas financieras más populares que realiza cálculos matemáticos y análisis de “si” Calcula fórmulas automáticamente con base en los datos insertados. Puede manipular grandes cantidades de información por medio de ordenar, buscar, filtrar y las herramientas de análisis. Pg 72 Objective 2.2.2 Spreadsheet programs are really meant to be “number crunchers”, although many of these programs have evolved to include more interesting features, e.g., inserting pictures, creating templates, sorting, filtering (searching for specific information), what if scenarios, data analysis, etc. be prepared to provide examples of how a spreadsheet can be advantageous such as in the case of sorting the inventory items to show only those that need to be manufactured in a specific location, etc. Discuss the pros and cons of using a spreadsheet for specific tasks, e.g., accounting, where dedicated programs may be better. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Presentaciones Crear diapositivas o hojas para presentaciones (manuales o en la computadora) rápida y fácilmente. Ofrecen efectos especiales similares al proceso manual de utilizar equipo de audio o video. También puede crear notas del orador y documentos para la audiencia, configurar presentaciones para diferentes tipos de método de entrega, o como una presentación con intervalos de tiempo. Puede agregar, editar y formatear texto, insertar imágenes, gráficos, o tablas a la presentación. También tiene la flexibilidad para estandarizar la apariencia y el diseño de las diapositivas con el patrón de diapositivas o con una plantilla. Pg 73 Objective 2.2.3 Presentations have gained a lot of popularity in the last few years as users have become more comfortable with exchanging data via or delivered live. Using one of the programs is similar to setting up your presentation manually, except that everything can be created and then delivered from an electronic medium. The number of accessories now available for presentations has also become much more affordable so many companies look to their employees to deliver presentations for projects, etc. to other employees either on or off site. Ensure students understand that these are not graphics programs and while there is an element of working with pictures, the emphasis with these programs is the entire presentation. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Manejo de Base de Datos Colección de información relacionada entre sí. Un programa Software de Manejo de Base de Datos ayuda a manipular y organizar información en una base de datos. Identificar su estructura: Campo contienen una entrada individual de información Colección de campos relacionados es un registro Todos los registros hacen una tabla Las Consultas se utilizan para generar reportes o formularios con cualquier campo en la tabla Base de datos relacional significa que puede compartir información con otra base de datos. Pg 74 Objective 2.2.4 Database management is often one area that is neglected by new users who may not be aware of how they can be helpful in organizing data. Most people will tend to use Word or Excel to try and organize large amounts of data, and look at database programs with trepidation. Provide other examples where databases can be beneficial, e.g., names given at a trade show that now need to be organized based on city, company type, etc. Explain how a simple database could be one that keeps track of all the CDs or DVDs you own at home to creating a database that contains a lot of information about new, potential or existing customers and their purchase history or a complete list of inventory items that you sell around the world. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Gráficos Los programas de diseño gráfico generalmente agrupados con software multimedia. Todos los programas de diseño gráfico vienen con un herramientas para dibujar y pintar. Programas dedicados al diseño gráfico también tienen opciones para crear y editar formas o curvas, con una gran variedad de herramientas para mejorarlas. Generalmente se utilizan para compañías de publicidad o editoriales para crear imágenes únicas e interesantes. Pg 75-76 Objective 2.2.5 Encourage students to take courses that teach them about graphic design elements so they have a thorough understanding of what is involved when designing, e.g., color management, effects, etc. There is a lot more than just drawing and placing objects with a graphics program; the terminology used in each graphics program is standard for the industry. Therefore, anyone wanting to go into this market with these skills should be fully cognizant of what is required to succeed in this field. There are so many different types of graphics design programs that can be as simple as one targeted to children to home users who want to create greeting cards or church flyers, all the way to people who want to manipulate digital pictures or create intricate drawings for their business. Try to provide examples of each of the different types; many will know the larger program names but there are a few who may know the smaller end-user ones such as Publish It!, Broderbund products, etc. Many of the smaller end user products are free as they come with either the new PC or a device like a printer or digital camera for graphics/picture manipulation. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Multimedia Elementos como video, música, o animación se han agregado a documentos publicados en un sitio web para Internet o para una Intranet. Archivos de música y video utilizan la misma tecnología de formato, aunque los archivos de música está a un nivel diferente (3) que video (nivel 1, 2 o 4): Archivos de video guardados como mpg/mpeg o avi Archivos de música guardados como mp3 o wav Pg 78 Objective 2.2.5 You will see more and more multi-media elements on web pages as the cost of larger band connections becomes affordable. It is one of the areas where companies may seek people to help design their web pages to be interesting and captivating to visitors. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Correo Electrónico Desarrollados para parecer un organizador de escritorio/papel. El proceso de enviar es similar al proceso de dirigir, escribir y enviar una carta en papel. Solo necesita un programa de correo electrónico, la dirección electrónica correcta, y una conexión a Internet o a un servidor de correo. Pg 79-80 Objective 2.2.7 One of the most popular reasons for getting on the Internet is the ability to communicate with each other using . The programs shown here are not the only ones available; they are ones either provided with Windows, an ISP, or can be downloaded from the Internet for use. Alternatively, if someone has an office suite installed on their system, they will most likely be using the portion of that office suite. Don’t spend a lot of time showing the features here as they are covered in the Living Online module. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Buscadores Le permite conectarse a Internet y ver los sitios Web de diferentes compañías, organizaciones, o individuales. Más compañías y personas han establecidos sus propios sitios Web en Internet. Necesita tener una conexión a Internet antes de poder “navegar” Pg 81 Objective 2.2.7 As with the portion, don’t spend a lot of time discussing the details here as they are covered in the Living Online module. Introduce what web browsers are and which ones are available (this list is by no means complete and shows only the most popular ones). Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Herramientas de Utilidad
Essential Skills for Digital Literacy Computing Fundamentals Herramientas de Utilidad Programas que le ayudan en el mantenimiento de su sistema de computadora. Varios tipos de utilidades populares incluyen: Protección Anti-Virus protege el sistema de virus no deseados que destruyen archivos o la computadora Compresión de Disco vacía archivos viejos, reorganiza archivos para acceder más rápidamente, libera espacio Limpieza de Disco elimina archivos creados temporalmente por la computadora o programa software Compresión de Archivos reduce el tamaño del archivo o de varios archivos Pg 82 Objective 2.2.6 Utility tools can be any type of program that can help you maintain and manage your computer. There are many types of these programs by different vendors in the marketplace; which one is right to use depends on what you need it for and how frequently you may need specific tools. Some programs provide a large number of tools within a package, e.g., Norton System Works. Encourage students to ensure they have an anti-virus program installed on their systems and that it’s updated on a frequent basis. There are so many viruses being created and discovered on a daily basis that this is the best investment anyone can make for their computer. Norton and McAfee are the two most popular anti-virus programs found in offices and homes but they are not the only ones. You may want to return to this topic in the Living Online module to discuss downloading free demos of anti-virus or other utility tools. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Paquetes Grupos de programas que han sido empacados juntos para la venta. Por ejemplo: Microsoft Office le pertenece a Microsoft y es uno de los paquetes de programas más populares utilizados en oficinas; disponible para PC y Macintosh WordPerfect Office le pertenece a la corporación Corel y está disponible solo para máquinas PC Lotus SmartSuite le pertenece a la corporación IBM y está disponible para solo máquinas PC Microsoft Works le pertenece a Microsoft y es un grupo de software popular para pequeñas empresas o para el hogar; muchas veces vienen con nuevas computadoras y ofrece una excelente opción para documentos simples Pg 85 Objective 2.2.7 Provide examples of the cost of a suite/system package rather than individual packages. However, remind students that if you only want one or two programs instead of the full deal, they can be purchased separately. For instance, a home user may want to buy a copy of Word for their home computer so it matches what they have in the office but they don’t want or need all the other programs included with Microsoft Office. You may also want to explain which programs generally come in an office type of suite package. Discuss how other companies offer packaged programs that are not for the mainstream office uses, e.g., Adobe for graphic design or web page design. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Contabilidad Diseñados para manejar la contabilidad y finanzas de casi cualquier empresa pequeña o mediana. Reemplaza las tareas realizadas por un personal de contabilidad al automatizar muchas tareas en línea. Necesita tener bases de contabilidad para comprender completamente todas las características disponibles en los programas software de contabilidad. Pg 85 Objective 2.2.7 Encourage students to have accounting fundamentals before taking any computerized accounting program training. These programs are designed to manage the manual process of entering accounting information, not teach accounting with it. All accounting programs do provide help for specific terms; however, they are meant as reference only, not to teach new concepts. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Especializados Se refiere a cualquier programa que tiene por objetivo una tarea o mercado específico GoldMine Le pertenece a GoldMine Software Corporation Disponible para PC Permite a los usuarios ingresar información acerca del cliente, establecer recordatorios, y realizar otras tareas relacionadas con venta de elementos a clientes Pg 87 Provide examples of what a specialized program means and the different ones other than shown here, or other brands using same type of programs here. For example, another popular contact management program is Act! or Maximizer. Emphasize that these programs target a specific market or type of task. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Especializados Money Pertenece a Microsoft Muy popular para el manejo financiero personal Le permite a los usuarios mantener un control de sus propias finanzas y también les ayuda a manejar esas finanzas Pg 87 Money often comes with newer computers as well as having the option of registering online to handle your finances. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

Computing Fundamentals Personalizados Programas diseñados para compañías específicas para realizar una tarea con base a las necesidades de la compañía Tipos de Programas Ejemplos de Tareas Escuelas registro, asistencia, reportes de notas Restaurantes órdenes de comida, facturas, inventario Tiendas de venta punto de venta, lectores de barras de código instituciones bancarias/tarjetas de crédito transacciones de débito, transacciones de tarjetas de crédito Sitios de compras en Internet ebay, Yahoo Fábricas Producción de automóviles, especificaciones para tamaño de madera Transporte reservaciones en aerolíneas que se pueden acceder desde la agencia de viajes, en línea, o en el mostrador de la aerolínea científico, médico, o ingeniería inspecciones, cambios ambientales, progreso del paciente Pg 88 Objective 2.2.7 This list is by no means complete but provides an example of different types of customized software programs that users may see and may not have realized these are all driven from a specialized/customized software being used by that company. The emphasis here is making students aware that computers exist all around us, even when we don’t see them working the same as if it was on a desktop computer. Recopilado por: Msc. Fressie Aguilar Ch. © CCI Learning Solutions Inc.

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