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El Alfabeto / El Abecedario
The Alphabet
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Before 1994 the Spanish alphabet had three extra letters (ch, ll, and rr).
Older dictionaries have a section for each of these letters. New dictionaries include these combination letters in c-for ch, l- for ll, and r-for rr. The Spanish alphabet has the letter Ñ not found in the English alphabet.
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Las vocales Because an English vowel has two sounds, dictionaries use diacritical marks to tell the reader how to pronounce a word. Two of these marks are the long vowel mark ( ) called a macron, and the breve ( ) a short vowel mark. The vowels in Spanish only have short sounds. a, e, i, o, u
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Las Vocales (The Vowels)
A (like a in father) E (like e in get) ama sapa peme nene pama lapa leme lele lama ala seme epe sama aca cleme ese cama apa deme ete papa ana reme ere capa ara meme ebe
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I (like ee in see) O (as in toll)
pimi iti lopo nopo limi lipi sopo oco simi sipi mopo coco timi liti nono toco rimi fiti topo mono nini kiti oto roco ipi bisi olo coto
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U (as in oo in too) pupu rupu lupu tucu supu fumu tumu cucu nupu pumu utu uru ulu sumu
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Diptongos (Diphthongs)
Diptongos are vowel combinations IA IE IU diablo fiebre pierna ciudad piano fiel riesgo ciudadano viaje pie tiempo viuda pianista piedra tienda viudo limpiar ciencia cielo
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UA UI (like we) UE cuate cuidado suelo cuarto cuidadoso suela cuatro ruido suegra cuándo ruina trueno cuál tuido muerto cuánto muestra cualidad mueca
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EU EI reunión peine deuda peinado reuma reina feudo reino reumatismo
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AI AU Maite jaula caigo Maura paisano autor pais auto paisaje autógrafo audiencia causa
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Práctica de pronunciación
miel cuaderno diablo suelo paisaje pierna autor ruido feudal reuma auto cuatro viuda muerto cuarto caigo deuda cuate reino peine paisano
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Las Consonantes (The consonants)
B (be) and V (u be or be chica) The letters B and V are pronounced the same. bata vela vientre bala vamos buitre bueno enviar bien bota abogado aviso vena bote velocidad banco viejo vino vegetal avión
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C, K, and Q C (se) If C is followed by A, O, U, or L it is pronounced with a K sound (ca, co, cu, cl). cama culebra cosa coma clavo casa cola calvo campo culto clase cuna culpa cuerpo cana
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K (ka) The letter K sounds just like the letter K in English. kilo kinder kilogramo kiwi kilómetro kiosko
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Q (koo) The Spanish Q will always be used only in these two combinations, que (keh), and qui (kee). The letter u is never pronounced when used with q. quemo quieto químico quincena quiebra quemar qué quitar queso quizás quién quiero
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C, S, and Z C (se) The Spanish C followed by either e or i is pronounced as a soft s sound. centavo celestial celda central ciencia central cielo cinta cincuenta cinco centro Cecilia
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S (eh se) and Z (seta) The letters S and Z are pronounced just like the English S. siempre zorro sabor suave solo Sandra zacate zoológico zapato zapatero selva sólido silueta sombra zíper zancos
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CH (che) The combination CH is pronounced like ch as in church.
cheque chimuelo colchón cuchillo chapuzón ancho chorizo chancla pecho cheviche chuleta chicle chocolate chulo hecho
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D (de) and F (e fe) The letters D and F sound just like the English letters. dedo domicilio felíz franco diente decir formula frio dolor deuda frente flor dormir diagnóstico famoso flauta Dora doctor feroz farol
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G (he) and J (ho ta) The letter G when followed by e (ge), and i (gi), and the letter J share the same sound formed at the back of the throat—an overemphasized “hh”sound. gente jirafa gitana José genial Jorge gesto Jesus gentil Juan jícama Gerónimo gemelo Gilberto gelatina jalapeño
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If the letter G is followed by an a (ga), o (go), or u (gu) it sounds like the g in gold.
gordo gusano gato gasto Gloria rogar gota gusto If G is followed by UE (gue) and UI (gui) the u is not pronounced. guitarra guerra guisado guirnalda
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However, if the letter u has to be pronounced in gue or gui, two dots on top of the u (ü) will indicate the change in pronunciation. These dots are called “diéresis” in Spanish. güero vergüenza güera pingüino
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H (ha che) The Spanish H is always silent unless it is in combination with the letter c. hotel hace rehusar hospital hizo hábil hongo hábito huracán higo honor desahogo hago hablar habitual
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L (ele) The letter L sounds exactly as the letter L in English.
libro biblioteca loco lechuga Laura laguna lengua sal lista perla limpio emblema
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Combination LL and Y (ee GRIE ga) (Greek I)
The combination LL and the letter Y are pronounced the same. A similar pronunciation can be found on the letter g of the word gin. However, depending on the country, the pronunciation may vary. llama lluvia yo yerno yerba yoyo llave quesadilla
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If the letter Y is found at the end of the word it is pronounced like the Spanish vowel I (ee).
hoy hay muy rey ley The letter Y by itself means “and”, and it is pronounced ee.
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M (eme) and N (ene) M and N have the same sounds as their respective English counterparts. mucho mariposa nada no mango misa nunca nueve Manuel mascar navaja punto mover mirar nariz noche mesa muela noviembre
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Ñ (enye) The closest sound of the letter ñ is found in the syllable ni in the word “onion”. piñata año reñir niño puño acompañar niña niñez pestaña muñeca compañero puñal
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P (pe) and T (te) The pronunciation of P and T are the same as in English. platicar puerta techo tamal papel pueblo traje tacos pensar pan traer tortillas practicar palo tocar té
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R (ere or erre) This letter must be trilled. When you see a double r (rr) or an r at the beginning of a word the trill is strong. perro cerro raíz sierra roca jarro reto terreno If found in the middle of a word, the pronunciation is softer. Portugal membrana puerta brazo
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W (doble be or doble u) This letter is not native to Spanish but exists to spell a limited number of foreign terms. It is pronounced the same as in English. William Washington Winston kiwi Wendy
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X (ekees) The pronunciation of the letter X is mainly an “ks” sound.
examen exacto exhibir excelente excusa excitante extranjero Ixtapa However, in some words it is pronounced as a g or a soft s. Mexico Texas Xochimilco xilófono
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