Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts

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1 Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015
Glynn Academy Señora Fendig

2 Saludos (Greetings) Despedidas(Farewells)
Hola Hello. Buenos días. Good morning. Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. Buenas noches. Good evening ¿Qué pasa? What’s happening? ¿Qué tal? How’s it going?

3 DESPEDIDAS (Farewells)
Hasta luego. See you later. Hasta mañana. See you tomorrow. Nos vemos. We’ll see each other soon. Adiós. Good-bye. Chao. ‘Bye.

4 Kisses on the cheek and hand-shaking
Did you know? In Spanish-speaking cultures, it is not unusual for females of all ages to lean their faces in a give a slight cheek to cheek kiss, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on both sides of the face. Did you know? In casual settings, males in Spanish-speaking cultures will shake hands upon meeting or seeing each other. But males will give a slight cheek to cheek kiss to a female, in a casual setting. (In an office or formal setting, it would be a hand shake.)

5 “Familiar” vs. “Formal” Greetings
To a friend or family member To an adult (non-family) or a stranger: The following greetings would be considered INFORMAL: ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?) ¿Qué tal? (How’s it going?) Heads up hint: The “as” ending on the end of “estás” would indicate that the subject of the question is “tú.” “Tú” is used with a friend to mean “you.” The following greeting would be considered FORMAL: ¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?) Heads up hint: The “usted” at the end of the question would indicate that the subject of the question is “formal you,” (usted), “Usted” is used with an adult to mean “you.”

6 Subject Pronouns Yo I Tú you (familiar or “informal” – to a child/friend/family/pet) Él He Ella She Usted you (formal – to an adult/stranger) Nosotros we Ellos they Ustedes you plural (or “y’all,” which some of us say if we are from the southern United States) ☺

7 The Spanish word “usted” (formal you) can be abbreviated “ud.”
“Ud.” and “Uds.” Heads up hint: The Spanish word “usted” (formal you) can be abbreviated “ud.” The Spanish word “ustedes (you plural) can be abbreviated “uds.”

8 “Ser o No Ser” That is the question! (To Be or Not to Be) ☺
In Spanish, the verb “TO BE (am, is, are)” is: SER yo soy I am tú eres you are él, ella, usted es he is/she is/you are nosotros somos we are Ellos/ustedes son they/you plural are

9 The verb “ser” to ask and tell where you are from:
Heads up hint: “de dónde” means “from where” ¿De dónde eres (tú)? (Where are you from?) Soy de Estados Unidos. (I am from the U.S.) ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Where are you plural/y’all from?) Somos de Georgia. (We are from Georgia.)

10 Teacher and Student Classroom Expressions
Español Inglés Abre tu libro. → Escribe tu nombre. → Levanta la mano. → Repitan → Saca un lápiz/papel… → Saca tu tarea. → Mira la pizarra. → ¿Cómo se dice…? → Más despacio por favor. → ¿Qué quiere decir…? → Open your book. Write your name. Raise your hand. Repeat. Take out a pencil/paper. Take out your homework. Look at the board. How do you say…? Slower please. What does … mean?

11 Present Tense Verb Endings
“ar” verbs “er” and “ir” verbs SUBJECT VERB ENDING yo o tú as él, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. a nosotros, “someone y yo” amos ellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. an SUBJECT VERB ENDING yo o tú es él, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. e nosotros, “someone y yo” emos / imos ellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. en

12 Verbs List #1 List #2 List #3 List #4 Estar → To be Ir → To go Hacer →
To do/make Pintar → To paint Tener → To have Tener que → To have to… Ser → Escribir → To write Estudiar → To study Escuchar → To listen Hablar → To speak/talk Leer → To read Gustar → To like Vivir → To live Bailar → To dance Cantar → To sing Comer → To eat Correr → To run List #3 List #4 Nadar → To swim Patinar → To skate Trabajar → To work Llevar → To wear/carry Llegar → To arrive Enseñar → To teach Mirar → to watch, to look at Preparar → To prepare Sacar una buena nota To get a good grade Ayudar → To help Buscar → To look for, to search Contestar → To answer Entrar → To enter Esperar → To hope/ to wait for Necesitar → To need Pasar → To happen, to pass Pasar un rato con amigos To spend time with friends Usar → To use

13 More Verbs List #5 List #6 L:ist #7 List #8 Comprar→ To buy Descansar
To rest Terminar→ To finish Tomar To take, to eat/ drink Visitar → To visit Andar en bicicleta To ride a bike Caminar → (con el perro) To walk, or walk the dog Pasear To walk/ to stroll Cenar → To eat dinner Cuidar (a) To take care of Hacer ejercicio→ To exercise Pintar To paint Tocar → To play (an instrument) Ver To see Abrir → To open Aprender To learn Comprender To understand Compartir To share L:ist #7 List #8 Recibir Receive Vender → to sell Alquilar → To rent Ir al cine To go to the movies Ir de compras To go shopping

14 Stem-changing verbs In Spanish, some verbs are stem-changing
Stem-changing verbs In Spanish, some verbs are stem-changing. In Spanish 1, you are only required to know these 15: (ie) (i) (ue) Preferir (to prefer) Repetir ( to repeat) Almorzar ( to eat lunch) Venir (to come) Servir ( to serve) Dormir (to slep) Querer (to want) Costar (to cost) Merendar (to snack) Poder (can/ to be able) Cerrar (to close) Empezar ( to start/begin) Entender (to understand) Pensar (to think/plan) Perder (to lose)

15 How to conjugate Stem-Changing Verbs
PENSAR e→ie (to think) pienso piensas piensa pensamos piensan ↑ Note that the ENDINGS above are the same as what you’ve already learned! SERVIR e→i (to serve) sirvo sirves sirve servimos sirven DORMIR o→ue (to sleep) duermo duermes duerme dormimos duermen JUGAR u→ue (to play) juego juegas juega jugamos Juegan Heads up hint: If the subject of these verbs is “nosotros (we),” there is NO stem-change. Example: Pensamos, NOT piensamos.

16 The verb “jugar” ( to play)
Jugar (ue) – to play Yo juego Tú juegas Él/ella/usted juega Nosotros jugamos Ellos/ustedes juegan

17 Special Expressions with “tener” Remember the conjugation of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen Tener sed Tener hambre Tener miedo Tener frío Tener calor Tener …años Tener suerte Tener cuidado Tener prisa Tener razón To be thirsty To be hungry To be scared To be cold To be hot To be… years old To be lucky To be careful To be in a hurry To be right

18 The verb “gustar” Me gusta → I like Te gusta → You like
example: Me gusta el chocolate. (I like chocolate.) Te gusta → You like example: ¿Te gusta aprender español? (Do you like learning Spanish?) Le gusta → He/she/you (formal) like example : A la señora Fendig le gusta enseñar. (Mrs. Fendig likes to teach.) Nos gusta → we like example: No nos gusta bailar. (We like to dance.) Les gusta → They/you plural like example: A las chicas les gusta ir de compras. (The girls like to go shopping.)

19 Irregular verbs Heads up hint: “Irregular” means that these verbs don’t like to stick to the regular verb endings, or they might have a weird spelling in one of the forms, or other odd things. (Bummer) hacer (to make/ to do) ↓ estar (to be) Use forms of “estar” to tell location and feelings ser Use forms of “ser” to tell descriptions, occupations, telling time, etc. ver (to see) ir (to go) hago haces hace hacemos hacen estoy estás está estamos están conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocen veo ves ve vemos ven voy vas va vamos van

20 The verb “gustar” slide #2
Heads up hint: The verb gustar only has two forms: “gusta” and “gustan” Use “gusta” if you are stating that you like ONE thing. Example: Me gusta la clase. (I like the class.) Use “gustan” if you are stating that you like MORE THAN ONE thing. Example: Me gustan las clases. This year ( ), I only taught you to use “gusta,” not “gustan.” Always put “me, te, le, nos, or les” in front of any form of “gustar.” (see previous slide.)

21 Days, Months, Seasons, Dates Heads up hint: Don’t capitalize months, seasons, or days of the week, unless they are the first word of a sentence. lunes Monday martes Tuesday miércoles Wednesday jueves Thursday viernes Friday sábado Saturday domingo Sunday enero Jan. Febrero Feb. Marzo Mar. Abril Apr. Mayo May Junio June Julio July Agosto Aug. Septiembre Sep. Octubre Oct. Noviembre Nov. Diciembre Dec. Vocabulary: el mes = month el día = day la semana = week el calendario = calendar las estaciones → la primavera Spring el verano Summer otoño Fall invierno Winter ¿Qué día es? ↓ ¿Cuál es la fecha? ¿Cuántos meses hay? ↓ ¿Cuántas estaciones hay? ↓ What day is it? What’s the date? How many months are there? ↓ How many seasons are there? ↓ Es lunes. Es el 19 de diciembre. Hay doce. Hay cuatro.

22 Adjectives Adjectives (descriptive words like big, tall, red, etc.) usually go AFTER the noun they describe. example: Tengo una casa blanca. → I have a red house. Adjective endings “agree” in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) examples: the red coat → el abrigo rojo the red scarves → las bufandas rojas Adjectives that end in “e” don’t change to o/a examples: la maestra paciente, el abuelo paciente

23 Definite Articles (“the”) Indefinite Articles (“a/an/some”)
“the” = el/la/los/las “a/an” = un or una “some” = unos/unas Examples: the boy-el chico , the boys-los chicos a girl –una chica, some girls-unas chicas the interesting scarf – la bufanda interesante

24 Possessive Adjectives
my your (familiar) his/her/their/your (formal) our Heads up hint: Notice that the familiar “your” is tu, not tú with an accent. (Tú with an accent means “You.”) mi libro, mis libros tu libro, tus libros su libro, sus libros nuestro libro nuestra familia nuestros libros nuestras hermanas

25 Telling Time ¿Qué hora es? = What time is it? Es la una. It is 1:00.
For minutes :01 - :30, use “y” + the minutes Ex: 11:20 = Son las once y veinte. For minutes :31-:59, use “menos” from the next hour that it’s about to be. Ex: 2:50= Son las tres menos diez. Literally, “It’s three o’clock minus ten minutes.” Es la una. It is 1:00. Son las dos,tres,cuatro… It is 2:00, 3:00, 4:00… Es la una y cinco. It is 1:05. Son las tres menos cinco. It is 2:55. Heads up hint: If you see the word “menos” in a time expression, think, “Hmmm…it’s ALMOST the hour expressed here.” Example: Son las dos menos cinco. Think “Hmmm… it’s ALMOST 2:00, so it must be five til two (1:55.)

26 The personal “a” Note: I did not teach this concept so don’t study this slide.
Use the personal “a” when a PERSON is the direct object of a sentence. Example: Yo veo a Madison. (I see Madison: The direct object (Madison) is a person, so the personal “a” is used. ) But: Yo veo el tren. (I see the train: The direct object (train) is not a person, so there is no need to write the personal “a.”)

27 Saying what is “going to happen”
Use the formula “ir + a + infinitive” Remember the forms of “ir”: voy,vas,va,vamos,van Examples: Nosotros vamos a dormir. We are going to sleep. Ex: Voy a venir a tu fiesta. I am going to come to your party. Ex: ¿Cuándo vas a buscar el gorro? When are you going to look for the hat?

28 Saying what someone “has to do” Remember the forms of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen
Use the formula “tener + que + infinitive” ¿Por qué tienes que estudiar para el examen final? Tengo que estudiar para el examen final porque tengo que sacar una buena nota. Los maestros tienen que preparar los examenes.

29 Adverbs Before the verb: After the verb: Before or after the verb:
Siempre (always) Nunca (never) Ex: Nunca voy. I never go. Rara vez (rarely) After the verb: Mucho Ex: Voy mucho. I go a lot. Poco Before or after the verb: De vez en cuando (Every once in a while) Todos los días (every day) Ex: A veces voy (or) A veces (Sometimes) Voy a veces.

30 The weather ¿Qué tiempo hace? Hace frío. Hace viento. Hace calor.
Hace sol. Hace buen tiempo. Hace mal tiempo. Hace fresco. Está nublado. Está lloviendo. Llueve… Está nevando. Nieva… What’s the weather? It’s cold. It’s windy. It’s hot. It’s sunny. It’s good weather. It’s bad weather. It’s cool. It’s cloudy. It’s rainy. It rains…. It’s snowing. It snows…

31 Questions and Answers ¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo te llamas? ¿Quién es?
¿Cuál es la fecha? ¿Qué día es? ¿Adónde vas? ¿Dónde está ella? ¿Por qué estudias? ¿Qué hora es? ¿Cuánto cuesta…? Estoy (bien/alegre…) Me llamo Jake. Es la maestra. Es el diez de diciembre. Es martes. Voy al supermercado. Está en la casa. Porque me gusta. Es la una y cinco. Cuesta diez dólares.

32 More Questions and Answers
¿Qué tiempo hace? ¿Cuántos años tienes tú? ¿Qué te gusta hacer? ¿Qué haces? ¿Con qué frecuencia (corres/haces ejercicio)? ¿Cómo eres tú? ¿Cómo es tu familia? ¿Cuándo es la fiesta? Hace fresco. Tengo quince/ dieciséis años. Me gusta leer. Yo tomo el examen. Yo corro de vez en cuando. Soy inteligente. Mi familia es grande. Es mañana./ Es el dos de abril./ Es a las ocho.

33 El Vocabulario Clip out and study workbook pages for all the vocabulary lists through Unit 3  Themes we covered: greetings, colors, numbers, days, months, seasons, family, likes and dislikes, people (mujer,hombre…), places, food, personality and appearance adjectives, clothing, school, computer terms, time expressions, question words, feelings, weather Click this link to see, hear, and practice our textbook vocabulary!

34 The Spanish-speaking countries (of Central and South America)
Know which ones they are and where they are. Click this link to practice:

35 Culture Spain: the euro, Madrid, shares Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, located in Europe, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, proximity to Africa Puerto Rico: a territory of U.S. , San Juan is capital, President is Barack Obama Quinceañera: young woman’s 15th birthday celebration, how it is celebrated México: Día de los Muertos, Cinco de Mayo Latino values of family, faith, and hard work.