S. MARHEFKA 2010-2011 The Present Subjunctive. The Subjunctive Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about.

Presentación del tema: "S. MARHEFKA 2010-2011 The Present Subjunctive. The Subjunctive Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 S. MARHEFKA 2010-2011 The Present Subjunctive

2 The Subjunctive Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

3 The Subjunctive Aprendo francés para mi viaje. Yo estudio mucho antes de sufrir un examen. Nosotros comemos en la cafetería.

4 The Subjunctive Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

5 The Subjunctive We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú, +/-Ud. and +/-Uds. commands.

6 The Subjunctive We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings (the opposite endings).

7 The Subjunctive For -ar verbs: e emos es éis e en For -er/-ir verbs: a amos asáis aan

8 SALTAR – to jump salte saltes salte saltemos saltéis salten

9 CONOCER – to know conozca conozcas conozca conozcamos conozcáis conozcan

10 DECIR – to say/tell diga digas diga digamos digáis digan

11 The Subjunctive The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and +/- Ud./+/- Uds. commands.

12 Irregular Subjunctive Verbs Remember that yo-go verbs in the present-tense keep the g in the present subjunctive.

13 Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-ohaga tener teng-otenga

14 Irregular Subjunctive Verbs caerse decir hacer poner salir tener traer (me) caigo digo hago pongo salgo tengo traigo

15 Irregular Subjunctive Verbs Also verbs ending in –car, - gar, and –zar have a spelling change in order to maintain the original sound.

16 Irregular Subjunctive Verbs buscar buscobusque pagarpagopague cruzarcruzocruce

17 The Subjunctive We use it to say what one person does or doesnt want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

18 Algunas expresiones que necesitan el subjuntivo Preferir (ie) Insistir Querer (ie) Aconsejar Recomendar(ie) Prohibir Exigir(g>j in yo) To prefer To insist To want To advise To recommend To prohibit To demand

19 ¡A practicar! I prefer that… José insists that We want that My mom advises that You recommend that They prohibit that Yall demand that Yo prefiero que José insiste que Queremos que Mi mamá aconseja que Tú recomiendas que Ellos prohiben que Vosotros exigéis que

20 The Subjunctive A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. For example:

21 The Subjunctive Quiero que tú respires lentamente. I want (that) you to breathe slowly.

22 The Subjunctive Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr. I suggest that you drink water before running.

23 The Subjunctive El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos. The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

24 The Subjunctive You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

25 Expresiones impersonales Es importante que Es necesario que Es bueno que Es raro que Es (im) posible que Es lógico que Es (im)probable que Es peor que Es mejor que Es dificil que Es increíble que Es preciso que Ojalá que It is important that It is necessary that It is good that It is rare that It is (im) possible that It is logical that It is (im) probable that It is worse that It is better that It is difficult that It is incredible that It is necessary that May Allah grant that (I hope that)

26 The Subjunctive Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. Its necessary that you do exercise. Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. Its important that the young people eat well.

27 The Subjunctive Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

28 2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > Verb Separated by the word que Dependent clause (cant stand on its own) Begins with the word que. Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

29 The Subjunctive The first subject uses the present indicative (tense) verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

30 The Subjunctive Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive: decir insistir en necesitar permitir preferir (e > ie) l prohibir l querer (e > ie) l recomendar (e > ie) l sugerir (e > ie)

31 ¡A practicar! Its important that you dont fall from the roof! I insist that they look for a job. It is hoped that we pay for the tickets on time. My mom demands that I tell the truth. They want us to set the table now. ¡Es importante que no te caigas del techo! Insisto que ellos busquen un trabajo. Ojalá que paguemos los billetes/entradas a tiempo. Mi mamá exije que yo diga la verdad. Quieren que nosotros pongamos la mesa ahora.

32 Verbos y expresiones de recomendación e influencia Preferir QUE Insistir QUE Querer QUE Aconsejar QUE Recomendar QUE Prohibir QUE Exigir QUE To prefer THAT To insist THAT To want THAT To advise THAT To recommend THAT To prohibit THAT To demand THAT

33 Duda o incertidumbre GHS prohibits that the students wear bathing suits in class. You prefer that Susana does her homework at home. We advise that the 1 st year students use a backpack. Manuel wants us to call him at 8:00. I recommend that they eat before going to the movies. GHS prohibe que los alumnos lleven trajes de baño en clase. Prefieres que Susana haga la tarea en casa. Aconsejamos que los alumnos del 1er año usen una mochila. Manuel quiere que lo llamemos a las 8. Recomiendo que coman antes de ir al cine.

34 Emoción Alegrarse que Esperar que Sentir que Tener miedo de que Lamentar que Molestar que Sorprender que Gustar que To be happy that To hope that To be sorry that To be afraid that To regret that To be bothered that To be surprised that To like that

35 ¡A practicar! I like that GHS is big. My dad is afraid that my sister doesnt study enough. It bothers him that we have many exams. My grandfather regrets that my grandmother is not going to graduation. We are happy that classes end soon! Me gusta que GHS sea grande. Mi papá tiene miedo de que mi hermana no estudie bastante. Le molesta que tengamos muchos exámenes. Mi abuelo lamenta que mi abuela no vaya/asista a la graduación. ¡Nos alegramos que las clases terminen pronto!

36 Mandatos y órdenes Pedir que Mandar que Decir que ***when telling someone to do something*** Exigir que To ask that To order that To tell that To demand that

37 ¡A practicar! I ask that the students study a lot before the exams. My mom tells my sister to drive carefully. The encomenderos order that the indians convert to Catholicism. You demand that I help you study for the Spanish exam? Pido que los alumnos estudien mucho antes de los exámenes. Mi madre le dice que mi hermana conduzca con cuidado. Los encomenderos mandan que los indios conviertan al catolicismo. ¿Exiges que yo te ayude estudiar para el examen de español?

38 ¡Ojo! Son diferentes: subjuntivo ¡Ojo! Son diferentes: subjuntivo ¡Ojo! La diferencia: indicativo ¡Ojo! La diferencia: indicativo Dudo que No creo que No pienso que No estoy seguro que No es cierto que Parece mentira que No es verdad que No es evidente que No dudo que Creo que Pienso que Estoy seguro que Es cierto que No parece mentira que Es verdad que Es evidente que Duda e incertidumbre

39 ¡A practicar! I doubt that we have enough money. I dont doubt that we have enough money. You dont think that the encomienda sistem is fair. You think that the encomienda system is fair. We are not sure that its going to rain. We are sure that it is going to rain. Dudo que tengamos bastante dinero. No dudo que tenemos bastante dinero. No piensas que el sistema de encomiendas sea justo. Piensas que el sistema de encomiendas es justo. No estamos seguro que vaya a llover. Estamos seguro que va a llover.

40 ¡A practicar! It seems a lie that yall graduate in a month! It doesnt seem a lie that yall graduate in a month! ¡Parece mentira que vosotros os graduéis en un mes! ¡No parece una mentira que vosotros os graduáis en un mes!