Gramática: Capítulo 1 Español III

El Subjuntivo All tenses we have studied up until this point are considered el indicativo – the indicative The indicative tense states facts The Subjunctive states things that might happen Quiero que tengan éxito y que ganen mucho dinero I am hoping that you will be successful and make a lot of money. Subjunctive implies that you may not necessarily be successful or make a lot of money.

Forming the Subjunctive Step 1: Conjugate the infinitive to the yo present tense form. This will be the stem for all forms of the verb in the subjunctive. Step 2: use the appropriate ending. In a nutshell, -AR verbs will have present tense – ER/-IR endings, and –ER/-IR verbs will have present tense –AR verb endings

Example Tener tengatengamos tengas--- tengatengan

Exceptions to the rule: darestarirsaberser déestévayasepasea desestésvayassepasseas déestévayasepasea demosestemosvayamossepamosseamos denesténvayansepansean

¡Vamos a practicar! ① Sus padres quieren que él ____, ____, ____, ____, y ____. (estudiar, aprender, vivir con ellos, no salir, tener amigos) ② Nuestro profesor quiere que nosotros ___, ____, ____, ____, ____, y ____. (escuchar, hablar, comprender, escribir bien, hacer tarea, ir a la clase) ③ Yo quiero que tú ____, ____, ____, ____, y ____. (llamer, visitar, leer la novela, salir conmigo, saber la verdad)

Formal Commands In Chapter 9 of Spanish 2, we discussed informal commands. These are used with people you know on a first name basis. Formal commands are used when: 1) speaking to an adult or 2) speaking to someone you do not know on a first name basis.

Forming Formal Commands To form the formal command, you simply take the Ud. form of the subjunctive. Prepare la cena Make dinner To make the command a negative command, add “no” before the command No prepare la cena Don’t make dinner To make the command plural, use the Uds. form. To make it negative, put the “no” in front of the command (No) preparen la cena.

¡Vamos a practicar! ① ____ usted la receta. (leer) ② ____ usted las legumbres. (lavar) ③ ____ usted las latas. (abrir) ④ ____ usted las cebollas. (picar) ⑤ ____ usted el agua. (hervir) ⑥ ____ usted el ajo. (añadir)

Negative informal commands To make your informal commands negative, use the tú form of the subjunctive and add a “no” in front of it. Informal affirmative commands – take the él, ella, Ud. present tense form of the verb Negative informal – No comes los crayones Don’t eat the crayons

¡Vamos a practicar! ① ¡Habla! ② ¡Háblame! (HINT: put the pronoun in between the “no” and command) ③ ¡Compra! ④ ¡Cómpralos! ⑤ ¡Vende! ⑥ ¡Véndemelo!