El verano y el invierno

Pretérito. Past tense  We use preterite to express actions that began and ended at definite time in the past

Ayer/ yesterday  En ingles we use “did” to express a past action.  En español we don’t have an specific word to express past tense, we have a new suffix (ending) on the verb.

 The new stem or ending on AR verbs are the following:

Hablar, tomar, nadar/ to speak, to take, to swim. Basically any verb that ends in AR YOé TÚAste Él, ella, ustedó Nosotrosamos Uds. Ellos, ellasaron

 Ejemplos:  ¿hablaste con la maestra ayer?=  To answer, you need first to look for the ending in the question.

 Habl aste= this is referred to you. So you need to answer personally.

 ¿hablamos con la maestra ayer?...  Again look for the ending. AMOS.

Amos= this is for we, so you are included in the verb, you need to answer in the same way.

 ¿hablamos con la maestra ayer? =  To answer= no, no hablamos con la maestra ayer.

Lo, la, los, las= pronoun  A direct object in senteces can be identified using a noun or a pronoun

 ella compró el libro.  =el libro is the direct object in the sentence. Is the thing taking an action. / We can rewrite the sentence if we already know what is the direct object and the noun. = lo compró. We can’t start a sentence using only a pronoun becuase we don’t have enough info to know who and what.

Empezar = to begin

Pronombres: referring to ítems alredy mentioned.  Lo, la, los, las.  Lo= referring to a masculine ítem (singular)  La= to a feminine ítem (singular)

 los= masculine (plural)  Las= feminine (plural)

 Ejemplos: ¿compraste los zapatos en la zapateria? = si los compré en la zapateria.  Compré una bolsa ayer.  La compré en la tienda de ropa.

Capitulo 9 vocabulario el balneario- beach resort La playa- the beach La arena- the sand La ola- the wave

 El mar- sea  Piscina, alberca- pool  El verano- summer  La nube- cloud  Estar nublado= to be cloudy  Esta nublado- it is cloudy

 El cielo= sky  Hace (hay) sol= it is sunny  Hace calor= it is hot  Hace buen/mal tiempo= the weather is good (bad)

 Lluvia= rain  Llueve= it is raining.  The rain in cold.  It is raining today.

 El sol brilla- the sun is shinning.  Brillar- to shine

 El traje de baño, (el bañador)= bathing suit  La loción bronceadora= suntan lotion  La crema protectora= sunscreen  Los anteojos(las gafas) de sol- sunglasses.

 La toalla- towel  La toalla playera- beach towel  El esquí acuático- waterskiing

 El buceo= diving, underwater swimming.  El buzo= the diver

 La plancha de vela- sailboard  La tabla hawaiana= surfboard  La natación- swimming

 Pasar el fin de semana- to spend the weekend.  Al aire libre= outdoor

 Cubierta(o) enclosed  La cancha de tenis= tennis court  La raqueta= racket

 El/la tenista= tennis player  La pelota= ball Jugar (al) tenis= to play tennis. Golpear la pelota= to hit the ball

 Esquiar – to ski

 El ticket,boleto= ticket  La montaña= the mountain  La pista= (ski) slope

 El/la experto= the expert  El/la principiante= beginner  El esquí= skiing, ski  La bota= boot

 El baston= ski pole  Al anorak= parka

 El telesquí, el telesilla= ski lift, chairlift

 La estación de esquí= ski resort  La ventanilla/ la boletería= ticket window  El/ la esquiador(a)= the skier

 Guante= glove  Tomar(subir en) el telesilla= to take the chairlift  Bajar la pista= to go down the (ski) trail

 El invierno= Winter  La nieve= snow  La temperatura= temperatura  El grado= degree(temperatura)

 Bajo cero= below zero  Hace frio= it’s cold  Nieva= it’s snowing  Ayer= yesterday  Por encima de = above.

AR verbs  Nadar= to swim  Tomar- to take  Esquiar- to ski  Bucear- to dive, swim  Pasar- to spend, (pass)  Invitar- to invite.

 Practicar= to practice  Hablar- to talk  Tomar-to take  Nadar- to swim  Preparar= to prepare  Marcar- to score

Ir, ser/ to go, to be Since “ir” means “to go”= And the verb “ser” means to be we conjugate those two using the same formula for past tense.

To go ir yo fui Tu fuiste El/ella/ usted fue Nosotros fuimos Ustedes/ellos/ellas. fueron

To be ser ‘ Yofui Tufuiste El/ella/ustedfue NosotrosFuimos Ustedes/ellos/ellasFueron