GENE MUTATIONS/ MUTACIONES GENICAS

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Transcripción de la presentación:

GENE MUTATIONS/ MUTACIONES GENICAS Ms. Bermudez

What are Mutations? Que es una mutación? Changes in the genetic material (DNA) Cambios en el material genético (ADN). What is a mutagen? Que es un mutageno? Materials that cause mutations ( benzene, uv radiation) Materiales que causan mutaciones (radiación, químicos)

Gene Mutation/ Mutacion Genica Involves large segment of DNA or a single point. Involucran un segmento largos de ADN o en un punto singular. Types/ Tipos Point mutation/ mutacion puntual Frameshift/ Cambio de pauta

point mutation (substitution) – One nucleotide in a codon is replaced by another. (only one base changes) 1. Mutaciones puntuales (sustitución)- una base se cambia por otra. (solo un base cambia

Effect: Causes the message to change. Frame shift Mutation: Removal or deletion: Nucleotide removed. Addition or Insertion: Nucleotide added. Effect: Causes the message to change. 2. Cambios de pauta: Causa que el mensaje cambie. -Supresión: Nucleótido es retirado. -Insercion: Nucleótido es agregado. Efecto: Causa que cambie el mensaje.

Mutacion: Cambio de Pauta

Gene Mutations Summary Questions Preguntas de Resumen: Mutaciones Génicas 1. There are several types of gene mutations. List two. What do they have in common? How are they different? 2. A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene. What do you think is the most likely type of mutation in this gene? Why? Hay varios tipos de mutaciones génicas. Nombre a dos. Que tienen en común? Como son diferentes? Un genetista encontró que una mutación en particular no tenia un efecto en la proteína codificada por el gen. Que piensa usted que es el tipo de mutación génica que encontró? Porque?

3. Name one amino acid that has more than one codon 3.Name one amino acid that has more than one codon. Name an amino acid that has only one codon. 4. Look at the following sequence: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. Delete the first H and regroup the letters in groups of three - write out the new groups of three. Does the sentence still make sense? What type of mutation is this an example of? 3. Nombre un amino acido que tiene mas de un codón. Nombre un amino acido que solo tiene un codón. 4. Mire a la siguiente secuencia: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. Retire la primer H y ponga las letras en grupos de tres- escriba los grupos nuevos de tres. Todavía tiene sentido la oración? Que ejemplo de mutación es esta?

5. Given the following three mRNA sequences, TWO code for the same protein. Which two? #1. AGU UUA GCA and ACG AGA UCA #2 UCG CUA GCG and ACC AGU UCA #3 AGC CUC GCC and ACU CGU AGU 5. De las tres secuencias de mARN siguientes, DOS codifican para la misa proteína. Cuales dos?

6. What kind of mutation is more likely to result in a nonfunctional protein , a frameshift (resulting from an insertion or deletion) or a point mutation? Why? 6. Que tipo de mutación es mas probable que resultaría en una proteína que no funciona, un cambio de pauta ( resultado de una inserción o supresión) o una mutación puntual? Porque?

Warm up 01/28 Transcribe the DNA strands and then translate the mRNA of the orginal and mutated strands. Look at the following mutations and classify them as point(substitution) or frameshift (addition or deletion). Use evidence to support your claim Original DNA: TCCACC Mutated #2: TCCGGC mRNA: _______ mRNA:_________ Amino acids:________ amino acids:________ Mutated #1: TCAGC mRNA: _______ Amino acids:_______