CON: Balón Esofágico y Pes

Slides:



Advertisements
Presentaciones similares
-go Verbs There is a small but very important group of verbs that we call the -go verbs. These verbs are: Hacer: to make/do Poner: to put Decir: to say.
Advertisements

Palabras Interrogativas/Interrogative Words
Los verbos estar y ser “to be”
Irregular Preterite There are several irregular verbs in the preterite. In this presentation, well take a look at the most important ones.
El Corazón EL SISTEMA DEL EL CORAZÓN THE HEART SYSTEM EL SISTEMA DEL EL CORAZÓN THE HEART SYSTEM.
Control en cascada.
Preliminary Sketch By Fernando Gomez Marin Interactive Media Master University of Limerick 2006/07.
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Stem-changing verbs.
VIDA FAMILIAR. El gran objetivo del Departamento de Vida Familiar es fortalecer a la familia como centro de entrenamiento para desarrollar un carácter.
Telling Time.
LA VIDA EN “BLANCO Y NEGRO”
Objective: I can recognize and accurately use gender agreement. Do Now: Match the following Spanish and English words: 1. Pelirroja a. Good-looking 2.
Relative Pronouns Español 4 (AP/IB).
POR QUÉ VS. PORQUE. ¿Por qué? = Why? *Note the accent on the letter e. * Also note that it is two separate words.
To compare people or things that are equal to one another, you use: Making comparisons En mi club, levantar pesas es tan popular como correr.
Bienvenidos Objetivos Agenda 1.Actividad Inicial: 10 min 2.Pre-Assessment: 20 min 3.Actividad Individual: 10 min 4.Group-Formation: 10 min 5.KWL-La ciudad:
NEBULOUS/NEBULOSA/ DESDIBUJADA Marcela T. Garcés Assistant Professor of Spanish Published in : Label Me Latina/o Spring 2012 Volume II.
Hay 30 preguntas en total. Estudien todo el vocabulario del semestre. (Unidad 1, Don Quijote, Shrek, verbos) Ejemplo: Un _____________ es lo que dicen.
Saber y conocer “to know”.
First Grade – High Frequency Word Reading Competition Classroom Competition Created by: Malene Golding School Improvement Officer: Kimberly Fonteno.
Mi dormitorio My bedroom
No Soy Un Saltamontes I’M Not A Grasshopper
El género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number agreement of nouns)
¿Qué haces en la escuela? Question words, objects, yo-go’s.
Las Preguntas (the questions) Tengo una pregunta… Sí, Juan habla mucho con el profesor en clase. No, Juan no habla mucho en clase. s vo s vo Forming.
First Grade Spanish High Frequency Words.
Tecnología y Estructura de Costos. Technologies u A technology is a process by which inputs are converted to an output. u E.g. labor, a computer, a projector,
Time Telling time is rather easy. You only need to know the numbers up to 59 to be able to tell the time.
Predict a possible conversation between the two teens by filling in the blanks. They just met. Gloria: _____. Me ____ Gloria. ¿Cómo te llamas? Jose: _____.
Bienvenida ALC 135 Miércoles el 13 de abril. objetivo Yo puedo presentar el ppt de la Semana Santa.
Octubre 7, Español 2: Cap. 2B pag. 110 Q: ¿Cuántos estudiantes hay en el salón de clases? ¿Dónde están? “Hay” means there is/ there are.
Answering Questions.  If a question does not have a question word, it is a yes/no question. Answer with sí or no.  If the question asks “you,” answer.
BARTERING. What is Bartering? Bartering is negotiating a lower price between a buyer and a seller of a good or service Bartering is negotiating a lower.
MÉTODO CIENTÍFICO SCIENTIFIC METHOD. Observación Observation Scientists use observation skills to identify which problems they would like to solve Simply.
Articles in Spanish Reflect gender and number in nouns.
JUEVES, EL 10 DE SEPTIEMBRE LT: I WILL RECOGNIZE SOME NEW VOCABULARY WORDS. Go over tests & retake procedures Interpretive Assessment: numbers & alphabet.
¿Cómo son tus asignaturas? A* Aburrido/a Divertido/a dificil fácil importante útil Bueno /a interesante.
Making Nouns Plural There are rules for making nouns plural in Spanish. They are easy and straight- forward…
The Present Tense of tener (to have) (El tiempo presente del verbo tener)
Gramática de 2A. YoINosotros/ Nosotras We TúYou ÉlHeEllosThey EllaSheEllasThey Ud.You (formal)Uds.You all Ellos is used to refer to “they” if there is.
Hoy es el 25 de enero ¡Hagan Ahora! ¿Qué vas a hacer durante el almuerzo hoy? Anuncios -La muestra de cuaderno -Prueba el viernes.
La sala de clases. El estudiante La estudiante El profesorLa profesora.
¿Qué le duele?. ¿Cómo formamos las frases? The verb “doler” (to hurt) is a stem changing verb. The o changes to ue in all form but the nosotros and vosotros.
El Calendario. What are the days of the week and months in Spanish?
Si Clauses (Cláusulas de si) Si lo comemos todo, ganamos el concurso.
Las clases de Sra. Schwarz Realidades 1 The “To Be” Verbs Ser and Estar.
Indirect Object Pronouns Original PowerPoint was by Ms. Martin of Tri-Center Community Schools.
Gustar with Nouns Unidad 3, Lección 1. English Grammar Connection  In English, the phrase “I like” doesn’t change.  In Spanish, there are to ways to.
¡Hola! ✤ Study for your vocab quiz for 5 minutes! ✤ Unit 2 Apuntes 1 ONLY ✤ Make sure you can translate from English to Spanish!
To be, or not to be? Let’s start out with one of the most important verbs in Spanish: ser, which means “to be.”
INTRO. TO LAW – MR. STILLMAN 1/5/16 Discrimination based on gender (which is almost but not always discrimination against women) In employment In sports.
Español 1 Ms. Lewis Explorar 0 ¿Cómo se llaman las personas en tu grupo? 0 Escribe los nombres. 0 ¿Cosas buenas? 0 ¿Quién conoce a todas las personas.
Spanish I Week 23. Para Empezar 8 de febrero What are you most nervous about for the test tomorrow (yes, I’ve decided to push it back to tomorrow!)
LOS VERBOS REFLEXIVOS. WRITE: What is a reflexive verb? A reflexive verb describes when a person doing an action is also receiving the action.
Lunes, 5/10/15  What is the purpose of a subject pronoun?  Give at least one example of a subject pronoun in English.
100 Book Challenge Desafío de leer 100 libros. Cada niño tendrán: Una bolsa de libros Una carpeta 2 libros para leer cada noche Un informe de lectura.
LAS PREGUNTAS (Question Formation). Asking “yes/no” questions To ask spoken questions that can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no,” simply raise the.
Escribir *You can get creative. You can write in the first person which means you are the character, you can use the third person which means you are talking.
To be, or not to be? Let’s start out with one of the most important verbs in Spanish: ser, which means “to be.”
¡Hacemos un repaso! Let’s review! cabeza garganta piernas.
To be, or not to be? Let’s start out with one of the most important verbs in Spanish: ser, which means “to be.”
Gramática (pg 9 del paquete rosado)
Los números.
Gender Equality By Sandra y Estela.
Acuerdos Escuela-Familia
Los adjetivos demostrativos Notes #16 What is a demonstrative adjective in English? Demonstrative adjectives in English are simply the words: THISTHESE.
CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS AT WORK GLORIANA RUIZ. CONSEQUENCE OF WORKING WITHOUT GLOVES 1. A person can have side effects if he sprays a plant with chemicals.
Las Preguntas (the questions) Tengo una pregunta… Sí, Juan habla mucho con el profesor en clase. No, Juan no habla mucho en clase. s vo s vo Forming.
Transcripción de la presentación:

CON: Balón Esofágico y Pes

For information to be important in clinical decision making it must do more than merely direct a clinical decision. It must provide information that is not available by simpler means, and it should direct a decision that improves important patient outcomes.

“One must first establish whether Pes accurately represents pleural pressure in critically ill patients. If the measured pressure does not represent the physiologic variable for which it is a surrogate, then any decisions based on it are suspect. Like the pulmonary artery catheter, the measurement of Pes is physiologically appealing but clinically unrevealing”

Lo mismo pero más complicado?

Es la presión igual en todo el esófago? Pressure within the esophagus varies considerably between the gastroesophageal junction and the thoracic inlet

Cómo se validó la presión esofágica a la pleural? Pacientes de pie Cooperadores NO SUPINO; NO VMA, NO PEEP

Se ha validado la Cest según la pTP en ARDS? Fig. 5. Hypothetical pressure-volume relationships in the lungs of a normal subject and in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The solid line indicates the true relationship between lung volume and transpulmonary pressure. The dashed line shows the relationship as estimated from esophageal pressure, in which esophageal pressure slightly overestimates pleural pressure. This leads to a small leftward shift of the pressure-volume relationship, and underestimation of transpulmonary pressure. Because the normal lung compliance is high and tidal breathing occurs on the linear portion of this relationship, the errors in transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration and end-inspiration are similar and small. In a patient with ARDS, lung compliance is reduced and the relationship is curvilinear. If the tidal volume ends on the more horizontal portion of the lung compliance curve, small errors in transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration can nevertheless be associated with large underestimations of transpulmonary pressure at end-inspiration. This can falsely reassure the clinician that lung over-distention is not present.

Artefacto Mediastinal y Postural Presión del Corazón 2.1 hasta 5 cmH20 o más

Cambios en un sujeto durante dos noches

Características heterogéneas del Pulmón

Entonces… Topografía de la pPl es desconocida en el pte crítico El paciente en ARDS tiene pulmón heterogéneo Titulamos el PEEP para la Pes: ESTO NO ASEGURA QUE SEA OPTIMO PARA EL RESTO DEL PULMON NO HAY ESTUDIO QUE DIGA QUE LA Pes = Ppl en paciente critico. EXTRAPOLAMOS DE PACIENTE SANO

Show me the data!!!

Y para el ARDS??? Show me the data!!! Recordemos este nombre….

Y todo este cuento del balón no era para optimizar la PTP??? PEEP de 6 para ARDS??? Y todo este cuento del balón no era para optimizar la PTP??? PaO2 menor a 100… eso es ARDS severo. Aplica hoy en dia? PEEP de 6 para ARDS PTP no era la fucking meta

1. PEEP se optimizó para PTP de 0-10 Cuál es la ideal? 2. Cuál es la presión pleural del pte crítico? Edema, derrame pleural, hemotorax… 3. La presión transmural del esófago es 0? No tenemos idea 4. Cuál es el artefacto mediastinal Creemos que 5. De dónde se calculó? No sabemos…

6. Es la PaO2/FiO2 la meta en ARDS 7. Y el PEEP en otros estudios… 5. en 30% de los pacientes el balón estaba mal colocado. Y las lecturas fueron erróneas. 6. Es la PaO2/FiO2 la meta en ARDS NO 7. Y el PEEP en otros estudios… Ojo el grupo convencional no respondio al PEEP wtf----

Y finalmente debemos preguntarnos… 8. Hay Otras maneras más sencillas y con mayor evidencia de fijar el PEEP?

Intensivistas??? “Gadgetologists”??? Juguetitos Nuevos “Gadget”

Y este no era el que publicó aquel estudio en el 2008 en el NEJM??? “There is no need to relive, with yet another physiologic variable, the folly of our 30-year infatuation with the pulmonary artery catheter.” Y este no era el que publicó aquel estudio en el 2008 en el NEJM???