Dagoberto’s Grammar Book! Buenos dias. El Presente presente = dropping inf and adding -ar -er or Habitual actions or near-future actions Mis padres me.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Dagoberto’s Grammar Book! Buenos dias

El Presente presente = dropping inf and adding -ar -er or Habitual actions or near-future actions Mis padres me escriben son frecuencia” “manana les mando una carta”

Stem changing verbz E -> ie o -> ue e -> I u -> ue (jugar) No stem change in nosotros or vosotros Construir, destruir, incluir, y influir add y Incluyo, incluyes, incluye, incluyen

Irreg yo forms Many –er and –ir verbs have irreg yos Cer or cir change to -zco Ger or gir change to -jo Several verbs have irregular –go endings and a few have individual irregularities. Some irreg yos stem change too Where my –jo’s at?

Irreg verbs Dar = doy Decir = digo Estar = estoy Ir = voy Oir = oigo, oyes, oye, oyen

Ser y estar ESTAR: location or spatial relationships Health Physical state or condition Emotional states Certain weather expressions Ongoing actions (progressive tenses) Results of action (past participle) “Lo-co,” temporary stuff

Ser y estar contd. Julio es alto = Julio is tall. Que alta estas, Julio = Well shoot Julio, you sure is gettin tall son! Es vivo = sharp, quick-witted Esta vivo = alive Es libre = liberated Esta libre = available to do something Es listo = smart Esta listo = ready

Gustar + similar verbs Me gustan los aviones Me gustas tu Me gusta pizza ALWAYS singular if followed by verbs Me gusta cantar y bailar

Verbos como gustar Fascinar Molestar Doler (o -> ue) Disgustar Apetecer Faltar Quedar

Faltar y quedar Faltar = lacks Quedar = what someone has left, or how clothing fits or looks Me faltan las piernas Le queda bien en esta camiseta

Preterito SingularPlural éamos asteasteís óaron SingularPlural íimos isteisteís ióieron

Imperfecto SingularPlural abaábamos abasabaís abaaban SingularPlural íaíamos íasíais íaían

Diferencias! Imperfect is for habitual actions in the past, or past actions with no definite beginning or end. Hablaba con mi amigo mucho ayer Also… Age – cuando tenía 3 años Time – Eran las ocho y media

Diferencias! Preterite is for completed actions in the past Look for Fui a Target ayer Dí un regalo a mi hermano la semana pasada porque fue su cumpleaños Look for words like ayer, anoche, and la ___ pasada. They signal preterite!

PrEsEnT sUbJuNcTiVe Subjunctive mood: attitudes, uncertain, hypothecital -ar: e, es, e, emos, en -er: a, as, a, amos, an

pReSeNt SuBjUnCtIvE W wishing / wanting E emotions D doubt D disbelief I Impersonal Expressions (es bueno que…) N negation G God / grief

irregs Tener (tenga) Venir (venga) Dar (de) Ir (vaya) Saber (sepa) Haber (haya) Estar (este) Ser (sea)

Verbs of Will and Influence

Expressions of emotions Alegrarse – to be happy Esperar – to hope, to wish Sentir – to be sorry, to regret Sorprender – to surprise Temer – to be afear’d Es triste – it’s sad Ojala – I hope (that) I wish (that)

Doubt, Disbelief, and Denial Dudar – to doubt Negar – (e-ie) to deny Es imposible – it’s impossible Es Improbable – it’s improbable No es cierto / verdad – it’s not certain / true No es seguro – it’s not certain

Object pronouns Hay direct object pronouns Indirect object pronouns  TO or FOR whom Y double object pronouns!

IOPs Carla siempre me da boletos para el cine. Carla always gives me movie tickets. Ella los consigue gratis. She gets em for free.

Direct OPs Debes pedirle el dinero de la apuesta. Le debes pedir el dinero de la apuesta. ^ Both are correct Lo is genderless (like “it”)

Double OPs Precedes direct op when they are used together Me mandaron los boletos por correo. Me los mandaron por correo. If Le + La or Le +Lo, one turns to se Le damos las revistas a Ricardo. = Se las damos

Prep. pronouns Mi, ti, usted, el/ella/si (him/her/itself), nosotros/as, vosotros/as, ustedes, ellos/ellas/si (themselves) Que opinas de ella? Ay, mi amor, solo pienso en ti?

Prep. Pronouns contd. A + prep pronouns = mas emphasisio! A mi me gusta papas fritas Si mismo = himself, Mi mismo = myself When mi ti and si are used w con, they MAGICALLY MORPH into conmigo, contigo, y consigo!

When these palabras show up, use tu y yo instead of mi and ti: Entre, excepto, incluso, menos, salvo, y some other word I didn’t get

Tu = simply drop the “s” Irregulares: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven Usted(es) = yo form w opposite vowel Irregulares: TVDISHES Tu = yo form w opposite vowel, add “s” Irregulares = TVDISHES Usted(es) = samesiesssss!!!!^ Irregulares = TVDISHES DOPs and IOPs + se can attach to affirmative Affirmative = up Negative = down DOPs and IOPs + se must go before negative

 Let’s sit down = sentemos + nos  Sentemonos  Vayamos Vamanos

 Endings (all the same): SingularPlural ÉEmos Ás ÁÁnÁn

 Caber – Cabr-  Haber – Habr-  Poder – Podr-  Saber – Sabr-  Poner – Pondr-  Salir – Saldr-  Tener – Tendr-  Valer – Valdr-  Venir – Vendr-  Decir – Dir-  Hacer – Har-  Querer – Querr-

 Used to express what would happen if something else happened  Also used to ask a question politely  Me gustaria doce tacos, por favor.

 Endings: also all the same, and have the same irregular stems as el futuro SingularPlural ÍaÍamos Ías ÍaÍan

 Que, el/la que, el/le cual, quien/quienes, cuyo  Que- people or things  Quien- people  Que is used with “el” or “la” after a preposition  Cual is used in formal settings or when referring to specific things  Cuyo is used for “whose”

 Lo ____ (masculine singular adjective)  “Lo que” used like “That which,”  Lo is also used to express the most or the least of something  Lo mas, lo mejor  Lo menos, lo peor  Lo is ALSO used figuratively-ish to say “the ____ part” (like the best part or the worst part)  Lo importante es que estamos juntos.

 Used when a subordinate clause is uncertain  Also used in cases when the antecedent is a  negative pronoun

 Used to express what has recently happened  Uses present conjugation of “haber” and a past participle  -ar verbs become –ado  -ir verbs become –ido  Ex: he aprendido mucho Espanol el mi escuela.

 Abrir – abierto  Cubrir – cubierto  Decir – dicho  Escribir – escrito  Hacer – hecho  Morir – muerto  Poner – puesto  Resolver – resuelto  Romper – roto  Ver – visto  Volver - vuelto