Lección 6 pág. 210

An adverbial clause is one that modifies or describes verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It describes how, why, or where an action takes place. Prefiero llegar a la cita antes de que ella llegue. I prefer to arrive to the date before she does.

Some require the subjunctive, while others can be followed by subjunctive or the indicative.

CONJUNCTIONS THAT REQUIRE THE SUBJUNCTIVE: The following conjunctions are always followed by a subjunctive verb because they introduce actions or states that are uncertain or have not yet happened. Remember the word  ESCAPA En caso de que – in case Sin que - without, unless Con tal que – provided that A menos que – unless Para que – in order that Antes de que - before

Ejemplos: Los candidatos deben explicar mejor sus programas antes de que yo vote por ellos. No vas a ganar las elecciones sin que los electores vean que eres el mejor. El ejército siempre debe estar preparado en caso de que haya una Guerra.

Infinitive with no change of subject in the sentence Note that in order to use the subjunctive, we need to have different subjects in the main and subordinate clause. If there is no change of subject in the sentence, there is no subordinate clause. Instead the infinitive is used and the que is omitted. Me pongo nerviosa antes de que la profesora me dé el examen. I get nervous before the teacher gives me the test. Me pongo nerviosa antes de hacer un examen. I get nervous before taking a test.

Conjunctions followed by the subjunctive or the indicative Cuando – whenA pesar de que – in spite of Hasta que – untilTan pronto como – as soon as Aunque – although En cuanto – as soon as even if Después de que - after (*Luego que – as soon as) Siempre que – as long as Mientras que – as long as

¿Subjunctive o Indicative? If the action in the main clause has not yet occurred, then the subjunctive is used. If the action in the main clause has already happened, or happens habitually, then the indicative is used.

Subjunctive-> action in main clause has not happen yet No cenaremos hasta que papá llegue. We will not eat dinner until dad arrives. Aunque le pida perdón, no lo perdonará. Even if he apoligizes, he will not forgive him. No saldré hasta que pare de llover. I will not leave until it stops raining.

Indicative: if the action in the main clause has already happened or happens habitually Cuando hablo con mi padre siempre nos peleamos. When I talk to my father we always fight. Tan pronto como ellos nos vieron, vinieron a saludarnos. As soon as they saw us, they came to say greet us.

Práctica: 1. Todas las mañanas, en cuanto ______(levantarse) hago ejercicio. 2. No puedes salir de la escuela sin permiso hasta que no ______(ser) las tres y veinte. 3. Cuando yo ____(ponerme) la ropa de mi hermana, siempre se enfada. 4. Iré a la fiesta aunque ella no _______(ir). 5. Me llevaré el paraguas en caso de que______(llover).