10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.10.1-1 El abuelo había nacido en Palos Verdes, donde, según él, fue llevado por el mismísimo.

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10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc El abuelo había nacido en Palos Verdes, donde, según él, fue llevado por el mismísimo Pancho Villa a pelear por la revolución.

10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc In the active voice (la voz activa), a person or thing (agent) performs an action on an object (recipient). The agent is emphasized as the subject of the sentence. Statements in the active voice usually follow the pattern [agent] + [verb] + [recipient]. AGENT=SUBJECTVERBRECIPIENT El policía The police officer vigila guards la frontera. the border. El departamento de inmigración The department of immigration ha detenido has detained a diez personas. ten people.

10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc In the passive voice (la voz pasiva), the recipient of the action becomes the subject of the sentence. Passive statements emphasize the thing that was done or the person that was acted upon. They follow the pattern [recipient] + ser + [past participle] + por + [agent]. RECIPIENT = SUBJECT SER + PAST PARTICIPLE POR + AGENT La frontera The border es vigilada is guarded por el policía. by the police officer. Diez personas Ten people han sido detenidas have been detained por el departamento de inmigración. by the department of immigration.

10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Note that singular forms of ser (es, ha sido, fue, etc.) are used with singular recipients, and plural forms (son, han sido, fueron, etc.) are used with plural recipients. La manifestación es organizada por un grupo de activistas. The demonstration is organized by a group of activists. Los dos candidatos fueron rechazados por el comité. The two candidates were rejected by the committee.

10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc In addition, the past participle must agree in number and gender with the recipient(s). La disminución de empleos fue prevista por el Secretario de Economía. Los problemas han sido resueltos por el jefe. The decline in jobs was predicted by the Treasury Secretary. The problems have been resolved by the boss.

10.1 The passive voice © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Note that por + [agent] may be omitted if the agent is unknown or not specified. Las metas fueron alcanzadas. The goals were reached. El maltrato no ha sido eliminado. Abuse has not been eradicated.