Stem Changing verbs.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Stem Changing verbs

Main Concept Each verb can be broken into two main parts. The stem (everything but the ar, er, or ir.) The suffix (the ar, er, or ir.) Here are some examples. Verb Stem Suffix Hablar Habl Ar Comer Com Er Vivir Viv Ir Preguntar Pregunt ar

The Types There are four types of stem changing verbs. e to ie stem changers. o to ue stem changers. u to ue stem changers. e to i stem changers. Ar, Er, and Ir can be any of the first three. Only Ir verbs can be e to i stem changers. NO VERB STEM CHANGES IN THE NOSOTROS FORMS: NO CHANGES IN “NO”SOTROS

Where the Change Takes Place The change takes place in the penultimate (second to last) syllable of the infinitive. So if my verb is Repetir I break it into syllables Re/pe/tir The penultimate syllable is pe. (re/pe/tir) This is the syllable that will be changed.

The Change There is no good way of knowing which verbs stem change other than to memorize them. If the vowel in the penultimate syllable is an e we change it to ie most often (this is a very common stem change) e we change it to i in some verbs. o we change it to ue (also very common). u we change it to ue.

Process This is really EASY so watch carefully! As long as the subject is not Nosotros,I take the penultimate syllable, Change the letter appropriately, Add the appropriate ending. ¡Fácil, no! Querer Quierer Yo Quiero

Steps: First, remove the last two letters (-ar, -er or –ir) Second, replace the second to last syllable’s vowel with the appropriate letters. Third, place the correct endings on the end of the verb. REMEMBER – NOSOTROS DOES NOT CHANGE!!

Example Dormir (o-ue) Yo duermo Tu duermes El/ella/ud duerme Nosotros dormimos Ellos/ellas/uds duermen ** note that the verb DOES NOT change in the nosotros form**

Example # 2 Comenzar (e-ie) Yo comienzo Tu comienzas El, Ella, Ud comienza Nosotros comenzamos Ellos, Ellas, Uds. comienzan

What are some other stem-changing verbs? Empezar (e-ie) – to begin Pensar (e-ie) – to think Querer (e-ie) – to want Jugar (u-ue) – to play Almorzar (o-ue) – to eat lunch Pedir (e-i) – to ask Preferir (e-ie) – to prefer

Time for some scratch paper. The following are e to ie stem changers. Conjugate them for the person indicated. (Yo) Pensar (Tú) Sentir (Ellos) Cerrar (Marisol) Empezar (Ud.) Comenzar (Paco y Beatriz) Querer Now check your answer. Pienso Sientes Cierran Empieza Comienza Quieren

Some More Practice The following verbs are o to ue stem changers. Watch out for the nosotros form. Subject Verb Answer Yo Dormir Tú Devolver Ella Probar Pacha y yo Mostrar Ellas Soñar con Paco y Teresa Poder Subject Verb Answer Yo Dormir Duermo Tú Devolver Devuelves Ella Probar Prueba Pacha y yo Mostrar Mostramos Ellas Soñar con Sueñan con Paco y Teresa Poder Pueden

These are e to i stem changers. Subject Verb Answer Ella Pedir Pide Marco y Lucía Sonreir Sonríen Carlos y tú Repetir Repiten Sigo Tú Reir Ríes Subject Verb Answer Ella Pedir Marco y Lucía Sonreir Carlos y tú Repetir Yo Seguir Tú Reir

Some Translation Translate the following sentences. I always eat lunch with my friends. Siempre almuerzo con mis amigos. They want to go to the movies. Ellos quieren ir al cine. We prefer to swim. Preferimos nadar. He asks for 10 dollars from his father. Él pide diez dólares de su padre. You (fam) always smile. Tú siempre sonríes. Make slides like Marcus has changing each word…