1 Colusión tácita y prácticas conscientemente paralelas Inmaculada Gutiérrez Madrid, 23 de octubre de 2008 III Encuentro de ACE en España.

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1 Colusión tácita y prácticas conscientemente paralelas Inmaculada Gutiérrez Madrid, 23 de octubre de 2008 III Encuentro de ACE en España

2 Aspectos conceptuales Mercado oligopolístico Estrategia miope Estrategia racional Estrategia concertada Mecanismos de coordinación ExplícitosTácitos

3 Tratamiento de la colusión Colusión Perseguir la colusión tácita Elevado riesgo de errores tipo I Perseguir sólo la colusión explícita Elevado riesgo de errores tipo II Es una cuestión de diseño de reglas de decisión y de test a aplicar

4 Tratamiento de la colusión Written but also tacit agreements The prohibition on cartels applies to all forms of agreements that restrain competition, whether they are written or verbal, horizontal or vertical. In addition, restraints on competition may occur if entrepreneurs coordinate their market behaviour without making explicit agreements in this regard. The term "agreements that restrain competition" is also used below to refer to such de facto concerted practices. Anti-competitive agreements Chapter I of the CA98 and Article 81 prohibit agreements between businesses that prevent, restrict or distort competition or are intended to do so and which affect trade in the UK and/or EU. Agreements likely to be prohibited include those which: (…) Decisions of associations of businesses are also covered, as are concerted practices (i.e. cooperation which falls short of an agreement or decision).

5 C-EC-EP Filtros eficaces para evitar los errores de calificación: 1. Estructura de mercado y características de los agentes:  Capacidad e incentivo 2. Elemento consensual “desnudo”  Práctica facilitadora/Paralelismo consciente  Sin explicación alternativa más plausible 3. Efecto anticompetitivo plausible:  Restricción del output/elevación de precios  Terminó de comparación: ausencia del elemento consensual Se trata de criterios cumulativos

6 ¿Estamos tan lejos? La colusión tácita existe, tiene efectos y hay que prevenirlos Ámbito de aplicación muy restrictivo Falta de explicitación de los criterios Diversas resoluciones de archivo en este sentido:  Falta de paralelismo suficiente  Ausencia de elemento restrictivo de la competencia  Explicación alternativa plausible