2A GRAMMAR Reflexive Verbs

Do you remember your Indirect Object Pronouns (IOP)? me(to or for me) te(to or for you) le(to or for him, her, it) nos (to or for us) les (to or for them, you all)

Placement of IOP? Indirect Object Pronouns, me, te, le, nos, and les are placed either before a conjugated verb or attached to the end of an infinitive.

Before the verb or after the infinitive: Before the verb: Le vas a dar el libro a Elena? Sí, le voy a dar el libro a Elena. After the infinitive: Vas a darle el libro a Elena? Sí, voy a darle el libro a Elena.

Reflexive Verbs Reflexive verbs are used to tell that a person does something to or for him- or herself. Reflexive verbs have two parts: a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) and a verb form.

Reflexive Verbs Lavar: To wash LAVARSE : to wash oneself Verb Form Reflexive Pronoun

In English, we really don’t identify with reflexive verbs. So these will seem strange to you. In English, a sentence using a “so called” reflexive verb might be… Lauren brushes her hair. Scott bathes himself.

Reflexive Verbs You must remember that these are actions being done to oneself, by oneself. For example: Lavar: To wash I wash my (my own) hair. T: Me lavo el pelo

Reflexive Pronouns me te se nos se

LAVARSE: TO WASH ONESELF I wash myself = LAVARME You wash yourself = LAVARTE He, She, It washes himself = LAVARSE We wash ourselves = LAVARNOS They wash themselves = LAVARSE What’s another way to say it?

LAVARSE me lavo te lavas se lava nos lavamos se lavan

They can either go before a conjugated verb or after an infinitive. Before the verb: Me voy a lavar el pelo. After the infinitive: Voy a lavarme el pelo.

Let’s do more verbs! CEPILLARSE=to brush oneself * Yo me Cepillo *Nosotros nos cepillamos *Cepillarme *Cepillarnos *Tu te cepillas *Cepillarte *El/Ella se cepilla *Ellos/Ellas se cepillan *Cepillarse *Cepillarse

DUCHARSE=to shower oneself * Yo me ducho *Nosotros nos duchamos *Ducharme *Ducharnos *Tu te duchas *Ducharte *El/Ella se ducha *Ellos/Ellas se duchan *Ducharse *Ducharse

VESTIRSE=to dress oneself * Yo me visto *Nosotros nos vestimos *Vestirme *Vestirnos *Tu te vistes *Vestirte *El/Ella se viste *Ellos/Ellas se visten *Vestirse *Vestirse

2A GRAMMAR Ser Vs. Estar

SER VS. ESTAR You already know the verbs SER and ESTAR. They both mean “to be” SER is an irregular verb, just like ESTAR, so you must memorize all its forms.

SER = to be Yosoy Túeres Ud. Éles Ella Nosotrossomos Uds. Ellosson Ellas

ESTAR = to be Yoestoy Túestás Ud. Élestá Ella Nosotros estamos Uds. Ellosestán Ellas

There are certain occasions in which you will use either SER or ESTAR. Estar Ser -Location-Time and Date -Temporary -Nationality Condition-Profession -Characteristic -Nouns(compare)

Examples for ESTAR *El libro está en la mesa= LOCATION T: The book is on the table *Eduardo está ocupado= T.C T: Eduardo is busy *Yo estoy en Guatemala= LOCATION T: I am in Guatemala *Ana y Luisa están enfermas= T.C. T: Ana and Luisa are sick.

Examples for SER *Son las dos y media = T&D T: It is two thirty *Yo soy americana = Nationality T: I am american *Es el veinte de noviembre= T&D T: It is the twentieth of November

Examples for SER *Tú eres de Costa Rica = Nationality T: You are from Costa Rica *Rebeca es muy alta = Characteristic T: Rebeca is so tall *Garfield es un gato= Noun T: Garfield is a cat *Tú eres estudiante = Profession T: You are a student

2B GRAMMAR Possessive Adjectives

In Spanish there are NO apostrophes. You cannot say: Jorge’s dog You must say: The dog of Jorge *Which is not correct in English but correct in Spanish, like this: El perro de Jorge.

The concept of showing possession is when using “de + noun.” For example: *Tengo el letrero de Felipe. T: I have Felipe’s sign. * El hermano de Maria usa el gel. T: Maria’s brother uses the gel.

Possessive Adjectives Adjectives DESCRIBE nouns, correct? Well, they can also show possession. Here are the possessive adjectives in English: my, your, his, her, our, and their. It like saying “my dog, your house, his notebook, etc.”

Posessive Adjectives singular mi / mis(my) tu / tus(your) su / sus (his,her) or (your f.) plural nuestro a, os, as (our) su / sus (their)

The possessive adjective must be singular if the noun is singular and plural if the noun is plural. Some examples: mi hermano mis hermanos tu abuela tus abuelas su hijosus hijos nuestro tíonuestros tíos su tíasus tías

Let’s practice…. S:Mi prima es alta. P:Mis primas son altas. S: Te importa la talla? P: Te importan las tallas? S: Me importa mi estilo P: Me importan mis estilos