The present tense of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs that have stem changes Lección 4

What are stem-changing verbs? You have learned to conjugate regular –ar,-er, and –ir verbs in the present tense by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the present tense endings to agree with the subject. Stem changing verbs are verbs that conjugate the endings the same way as regular verbs, but get letter changes in the stem in all persons except “nosotros” and “vosotros.” They are often referred to as boot verbs because a present tense stem-changing verb conjugation resembles a boot when a line is drawn around the forms with stem changes. The change occurs in the syllable directly before the verb ending: –e–e changes to ie (-ar, -er, -ir verbs) –o–o changes to ue (-ar, -er, -ir verbs) –e–e changes to i ( only –ir verbs)

Boot verbs (e→ie) Example: querer = to want

Common e→ ie verbs p ar-er-ir cerrarentenderpreferir comenzarperder empezarquerer pensar

o→ue Example: poder = to be able to/ (can/may)

Common o→ ue verbs p * (not in text) -ar-er-ir almorzarpoderdormir contarvolver morir * encontrardevolver * mostrar

Special u→ ue verb jugar = to play (a sport or game) jugar + a + (el/los/la/las) + sport or game

e → i verb Example: pedir = to ask for; to request The only verbs that have an e to i change are some verbs that end in –ir. The –ar and –er verbs do not make this change. pedimos pedís pido pides pide piden

Common e→ i verbs p. 119 * not in text Only –ir verbs make this change such as: pedir repetir servir *

Common e→ i verbs with an additional spelling change in the “yo” form p. 119 Yo form (irregular spelling changes): decir dico → (digo) seguir siguo → (sigo) conseguir consiguo → (consigo)

A Uds. les toca… Los verbos e→ ie Yo _________________ la puerta. cerrar Tú _________________ a estudiar. comenzar Ud. ________________ la tarea. empezar

Los verbos e→ ie Él no_________________en la clase de español. entender Ella _________________ en los chicos. pensar Nosotros ________________el libro de texto. perder Uds. ________________dinero. querer

Los verbos e→ ie Ellos_________________descansar los domingos. preferir Ellas no_________________el autobús. perder Juan y yo ________________estudiar. pensar Los estudiantes ________________trabajar. querer

Los verbos o→ ue Yo _________________ en la cafetería. almorzar Tú _________________ tus libros en la mochila. encontrar Ud. ________________ el mapa. mostrar

Los verbos o→ ue Él _________________bailar muy bien. poder Ella _________________ el libro. devolver Nosotros no________________en la clase. dormir Los hombres __________________ en la guerra. morir

Jugar : The special verb that changes u→ ue Él _________________al baloncesto. jugar Uds. _________________ a los videojuegos. jugar Nosotros ________________al fútbol en el estadio. jugar Yo __________________ en el parque. jugar

Los verbos e→ i Él _________________en la cafetería. servir Yo_________________ dinero. pedir Nosotros _______________en la clase de español. repetir Los estudiantes __________________ permiso. pedir

Los verbos e→ i Tú no _________________en casa. servir Uds._________________ mucho. pedir Yo_______________las palabras. repetir Ella __________________ en el restaurante. servir

Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo” Yo _________________ la verdad. decir Tú _________________las instrucciones. seguir Ud. ________________ una beca. conseguir

Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo” Ellos _________________ que no. decir Yo_________________las instrucciones. seguir Yo ________________ una beca. conseguir

Lo más difícil…What is most difficult… Conjugating stem-changing verbs is easy when you know which verbs get which changes. Just follow the “boot.” The most difficult part about learning stem- changing verbs is knowing which verbs get what changes. It is also important to know verb meanings from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English.

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to close cerrar ( e→ ie)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to return (to go back) volver ( o→ ue)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to ask for; request pedir ( e→ i)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to play (a sport or game) jugar ( u→ ue) jugar+ a+ (el/los/la/las)+ sport

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to want to want to querer ( e→ ie) querer + noun querer + infinitive

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to begin to begin to empezar ( e→ ie) empezar + noun empezar a + infinitive

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas 24 verbs…24 cards English Side 1 to want Spanish Side 2 to to think to think of to think about to plan to pensar ( e→ ie) pensar + de pensar + en pensar + infinitive