¿Se acuerdan de los refranes? Perro que ladra, no muerde Más vale pájaro en mano que cien volando A caballo regalado no se le mira los dientes En boca cerrada no entran moscas Más vale tarde que nunca Dime con quien andas y te diré quien eres. Camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente. Mas vale prevenir que curar. No es oro todo lo que reluce. No hay mal que por bien no venga

Trabalenguas De Tin Marín de Don Pinguey… Pablito clavó un clavito… Si Pancha plancha … Paco Peco

Gramática para el examen final: Gustar/ le cae bien D&IOPs Reflexives Ir+a+infinitive/ en vez de +inf/ tener ganas de Más..que/menos…que/tan…como Present perfect Imperfect (all of them) Preterite (all forms)

Gustar The weird verb! Me gusta/n =I like it/them Te gusta/n =you like it/them Le gusta/n =he/she/usted likes it/them Nos gusta/n =we like it/them Les gusta/n =they/you guys like it/them

With verb/s -like to do something ___ gusta + infinitive I like to work and study. Do you like to read? He likes to read novels We like to throw trash through the windows They like to talk about politics .

With a noun -like something ___ gusta + noun I like that good-looking guy. Do you like the birthday cake? She likes the Drama class. We like the movie. They like basketball.

With a plural noun ___ gustan + plural noun I like hamburgers. Do you like tall girls. Does he like sandwiches? We like fancy cars. They like girls.

Negative “likings” ‘no’ before the pronoun! I do not like that song. You don’t like the song? Carla doesn’t like her hippo. We do not likr homework They do not like their mother’s food.

NEVER use yo with gustar Yo gusto Never ever, ever use it! It does not exist. NEVER use yo with gustar It is always just ‘me gusta..” Or “A mí, me gusta…”

¿Hemos entendido?: Write down one thing you like and one you don’t like.

Direct object pronoun Me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las Who/what receives the action of the verb. I saw you. I saw, whom? Te vi. We didn’t see them. We didn’t see, whom? Nosotros no los vimos I did my homework. I did, what? My grandparents visited us. They visited Whom?

Spanish v. English me /mέ/ me /mi/ te you lo it, him la it, her nos us los them (masc.) las them (fem.)

¿Entendiste? ¡Ahora tú! ¿Cómo lo dices en español? Reemplaza el DON (direct object noun) por el DOP (direct object pronoun) REMEMBER: English is backwards!  He put his dog in the box. The girl makes fun of the boy. They mistreated the dogs. Do you know my fiancé? The students won a scholarship.

IOPs -Indirect Object Pronouns Me, te, le, nos, les Who the action is directed towards They threw him the ball him is the IOP because the ball was thrown to him.

Spanish v. English Me /mέ/ me /mi/ Te you Le him/her Nos us Les them/you guys

You use me because the chocolate was given to me. She gave a chocolate. Ella dio un chocolate. She gave me a chocolate. Ella me dio un chocolate. You use me because the chocolate was given to me. What if the chocolate was given to us? Then… Ellos nos dieron un chocolate. You use nos because the gift was given to us.

You said “hi,” to her. In english you place the indirect object after the verb. …y en español: Tú le dijiste “hola” a la chica. The direct object goes before the verb

¿Qué pronombre usarías? We bought them a new car. Nosotros ___ compramos un coche nuevo. A. Me B. te C. le D. nos E. les

Ahora, D and IOP Direct Obj. prons. Indirect Obj. Prons. me Me te te la, lo le nos nos los, las les Moreover, when we have any combination of the following pronouns, we get= se la lo + le = se las les los

Example: The children give an apple to the teacher. Los niños le dan una manzana a la profesora. Now if we have to replace both, direct (green word) and indirect object (blue word), then this sentence will be like this: Los niños se la dan por el dia del maestro. …and the pronouns go before the verb: indirect, direct and verb.

…because the combination of indirect pronoun: le or les and direct pronouns: la, lo, las or los implies a change of le or les to se. That’s why it is NOT: Los niños le la dan*, but Los niños se la dan. …and the pronouns go before the verb in the following order: indirect, direct and verb. *wrong sentence

Ahora es tu turno. ¿Cómo serían la siguientes oraciones en español? 1. Her mother bought her a gift. She bought it at Wal-Store. 2. They give a car to their parents. They gave it to them for their anniversary 3. Why don’t you assign us homework. Give it to us for the summer, please. 

Reflexivos In Spanish there are lots of verbs just like in English. For example, take the verb llamar

Llamar = to call Yo llamo =I call Tú llamas =You call Él/ella/usted llama =He/she calls Nosotros llamamos =We call Ellos/ellas/ustedes llaman =They call

But what if I want to say I call myself? You need a reflexive pronoun! They make verbs directed (or reflected back) at the person doing the action Me =myself Te =yourself Se =himself/herself Nos=ourselves Se =themselves

So instead of just llamo (I call) yo can say “me llamo…” =I call myself… or “te llamas..” =He calls himself “se llaman…” =They call themselves Sooo, the reflexive verbs changes the meaning of the verb! “To call” became “to call oneself” or basically say “My name is.”

Examples of changes poner =to put ex: “Puso el coche en la cochera” ponerse=to put on oneself “Me pongo la ropa”/ se ponía más fuerte Levantar =to lift ex: “Voy a levantar el lápiz del suelo” levantarse =to lift oneself “Me levanté a las siete hoy”.

Some verbs you only use in their reflexive form because you do them for yourself despertarse darse cuenta bañarse caerse ducharse sentirse afeitarse sentarse vestirse darse prisa cepillarse desmayarse acostarse llenarse los ojos de… engordarse adelgazarse

Más reflexivos, Hurrah! asustarse reírse a carcajadas casarse burlarse Meterse quedarse enamorarse enojarse enfermarse morirse tropezarse ponerse lastimarse quejarse acercarse volverse loco/a

Conjugation: bañarse PRESENT PRETERITE IMPERFECTO Me baño me bañé me bañaba Te bañas te bañaste te bañabas Se baña se bañó se bañaba Nos bañamos nos bañamos nos bañábamos Se bañan se bañaron se bañaban

¡Ahora es tu turno! Write three things you did this morning as part of your daily routine using reflexive verbs.

El futuro familiar Ir+a+infinitive This is how we say that someone is going to do something Ir=to go A = to Verb =what the person will do!

IR (present tense) Yo voy Tú vas Él/ella/usted va Nosotros/nosotras vamos Ellos/ellas/ustedes van

Examples Voy a comer mi ensalada. ¿Vas a bailar un tango? Va a graduarse este año. Vamos a viajar a Francia. ¿Van a besar a su perro o gato hoy? Are going to…

What if we use it with iba? Iba a comer mi ensalada ¿Ibas a bailar un tango? Iba a graduarse este año. Íbamos a viajar a Francia. ¿Iban a besar a su perro o gato hoy? Was going to…

Ahora tú Write 3 things you are going to do in the summer, in Spanish, por supuesto.

¡Comparaciones! Más…que = more…than El agua es más saludable que una soda. Menos…que = less…than Creo que los tacos son menos sabrosos que las enchiladas. Tan…como = as…as Tu diálogo fue tan interesante como el mío.

In the first example, we are comparing water and soda; therefore, those could vary. We are also saying that it is healthy, which is an adjective, so this adjective could vary also. What are we comparing on the second and third examples? What is the quality –adjective- we are comparing?

What else we should be careful with? Yes, agreement. If we are talking about tacos, then we say: son and also: sabrosos because they are masculine plural. ¿Verdad?

So. what if I compare your blouse and my blouse and say that your blouse is less pretty than mine? What would you say? En español, por supuesto. Now, compare “el cine” y “la television” Ahora, un ratón y una cucaracha

Of course, agreement also applies to: mas…que, Menos…que, and tan …como. …plus to: Yo, tú, Ud, él, ella, nosotros, ustedes, etc…anything or anyone we would like to compare.

So, how would these sentences be? “You are as tall as…” “I am shorter than…” “We are as cool as…” They are less nice than…” Be careful with subject/verb/adjective agreement! Nosotros somos más chidos que esos vagabundos allá. Subject: masc/pl; verb: plural and adjective: masc/pl

Spanish would be boring if it did not have “irregularities”, verdad? So, there are a few with comparissons. Examples: We do not say: bueno más bueno malo más malo but we say: bueno mejor malo peor We also say: older=mayor; younger=menor

Present Perfect The tense we use when we want to say that someone has done something! He I have… Has You have … Ha He/she has… Hemos We have… Han They/you guys have…

What about the “something”? Remember the secret formula? Take a verb (bailar) Take off last two letters (bail) Add -ado or -ido How do you know which to add?

Remember -ado is for -ar verbs (bailar/llamar) Bailado (danced) Llamado (called) -ido is for -er/-ir verbs (comer/salir) Comido (eaten) Salido (left)

¡Ojo! Watch out for irregulars! Hecho =done (hacer) Puesto =put (poner) Leído =read (leer) Escrito =written (escribir) Cubierto=covered (cubrir) Visto =seen (ver) Dicho =said (decir) Muerto =died (morir) Roto = broken (romper)

Write 3 things you have achieved so far in your young life. Examples: He escalado el Everest. He visto la luna desde mi ventana. He escrito muchos text messages in Spanish class.

Preterite Just like in English, when different people do an action, the verb changes slightly depending on who is doing the action. I run He runs

Tenses As the verbs change slightly depending on who does the action. They also change a little when they are put in a different tense. I run I ran

Spanish! In English there is no set pattern for the past tense, but luckily in Spanish there is!

-AR Verbs: Pretérito Example: COMPRAR Take off the -ar and add: Yo -é Tú -aste Él/Ella/Usted -ó Nosotros -amos Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aron Compré Compraste Compró Compramos Compraron

-ER/-IR Verbs: Pretérito Examples: Take off the -er/-ir and add: Yo -í Tú -iste Él/Ella/Usted -ió Nosotros -imos Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -ieron Comer salir (to eat) (to leave/to go out) Comí Salí Comiste Saliste Comió Salió Comimos Salimos Comieron Salieron

decir/hacer/ir/ver =irregular in preterite Yo dije Tú dijiste Él & Co. dijo Nosotros dijimos Ellos & Co. dijeron Yo vi Tú viste Él & Co. vio Nosotros vimos Ellos & Co. vieron Yo hice Tú hiciste Él & Co. hizo Nosotros hicimos Ellos & Co. Hicieron Yo fui Tú fuiste Él & Co. fue Nosotros fuimos Ellos & Co. fueron

Más verbos irregulares en el pretérito Poner/poder/estar/tener Yo puse pude estuve Tú pusiste pudiste estuviste Ud./él/ella puso pudo estuvo Nosotros/as pusimos pudieron estuvieron Ustedes/ellos/as pusieron pudieron esuvieron

But, as we very well know.. In Spanish there are TWO past tenses! One for things that happen in a specific time frame. (preterite) The other is used for descriptions, emotions, and things that are more vague and seen as not completed in the past It is called the…

Imperfect! Remember the -aba and -ía endings!

-aba (-ar verbs) Example: hablar Yo hablaba Tú hablabas Él hablaba Yo -aba Tú -abas Él/ella/usted -aba Nosotros/nosotras -ábamos Ellos/ellas/ustedes -aban Yo hablaba Tú hablabas Él hablaba Nosotros hablábamos Ellos hablaban

-ía endings (-er/-ir verbs) Example: salir Yo salía Tú salías Él & Co. salía Nosotros salíamos Ellos & Co. salían Yo -ía Tú -ías Él/ella/usted -ía Nosotros/nosotras -íamos Ellos/ellas/ustedes -ían

Irregulars: ser/ir/ver Yo era iba veía Tú eras ibas veías Ud./él/ella/ era iba veía Nosotros éramos íbamos veíamos Ustedes/ellos/ellas eran iban veían