Perfect tenses Spanish 3, Buen Viaje p223-225, p255- 258, PRE AP ONLY p309-310. Spanish 4 interacciones p. 360, 371, 417, 435

PRESENT PERFECT This tense is used to talk about things that HAVE HAPPENED or things that one HAS DONE. It is another past tense, like the preterite or the imperfect. Ex: Yo he hablado con mi amiga. (I have talked with my friend). He has done his homework. (Él ha hecho su tarea.)

The Present Perfect is a compound tense The Present Perfect is a compound tense. To form it, you need to use a form of HABER in the present tense + a past participle. HABER (helping verb) Yo He Nosotros Hemos Tú Has Él Ha Ellos Han Ella Ha Ellas Han Ud. Ha Uds. Han *The form of haber matches the subject.

El PARTICIPIO PASADO Formation (regular) 1) -AR verbs:take off the –AR and add -ADO. Ejemplos Cantar = cantado Escuchar = escuchado 2) -ER/-IR verbs: take off the –ER/-IR and add –IDO. Ejemplos: Correr = corrido Recibir = recibido

3) Irregular Past Participles Memorize, memorize  VERB Past Participle Abrir (to open) Abierto Decir (to say) Dicho Descubrir (to discover) Descubierto Escribir (to write) Escrito Hacer (to make/do) Hecho Morir (to die) Muerto Poner (to put) Puesto Romper (to break) Roto Ver (to see) Visto Volver (to return) Vuelto Freir (to fry) Frito

Once formed, the same past participle will work for any subject Yo he hablado Tú has hablado Ella ha hablado (etc.) **OJO** Like any other compound verb, you can never separate the HABER and the PAST PARTICIPLE. Ejemplos: No se ha duchado. NEVER-No ha se duchado. Me he quitado la chaqueta. NEVER- He me quitado la chaqueta.

Pluperfect (past perfect) The Pluperfect or Past Perfect is formed by using the imperfect tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb haber and the past participle. The past participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to have Había llegado Habíamos llegado Habías llegado Había llegado Habían llegado The Pluperfect tense is used in the same way in Spanish as it is in English. The pluperfect describes a past action completed before another past action.

Ex: El partido ya había empezado cuando llegaron algunos de los jugadores. (The game had already begun when some of the players arrived.) *Note that both actions in the sentence above took place in the past. The action that took place first, the game had already begun is in the pluperfect. The action that followed it, the players arrived, is in the preterite.

Conditional Perfect The Conditional Perfect is formed by using the conditional tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb haber and the past participle. The past participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to have Habría llegado Habríamos llegado Habrías llegado Habría llegado Habrían llegado The Conditional Perfect is used in Spanish, as it is in English, to state what would have taken place had something else not interfered or made it impossible. Ex: Yo habría hablado con mi padre pero él estaba muy ocupado. (I would have spoken to my father but he was very busy. )

Future Perfect The Future Perfect is formed by using the future tense of the helping (auxiliary) verb haber and the past participle. The past participles are the same for all perfect tenses. Verbs ending in -ar change to -ado and verbs ending in -er or -ir change to -ido. Irregular forms are also the same.

Haber- helping verb-to have Habré llegado Habremos llegado Habrás llegado Habrá llegado Habrán llegado The Future Perfect is used to express a future action that will be completed prior to another future action. Observe and analyze the following sentences.

Ex: Desgraciadamente ellos no estarán Ex: Desgraciadamente ellos no estarán. Habrán salido antes de nuestra llegada. (Unfortunately they will not be there. They will have gone before our arrival.) *In the above sentence, the people will not be present at some time in the future because they have already left. The departure precedes our arrival even though both actions will be in the future. This tense is seldom used.

Present Perfect Subjunctive The present perfect subjunctive is formed by using the present subjunctive form of the verb haber + the past participle. Haya llegado Hayamos llegado Hayas llegado Haya llegado Hayan llegado

Whereas the present subjunctive is used to refer to the events that may occur either at the same time as or after the action of the main verb, the present perfect subjunctive refers to the actions or situations that may have occurred before the action of the main verb. The present perfect subjunctive is used when: 1)the main verb is in the present, future, present perfect, or command form. 2) the action of the verb in the subjunctive is expected to have taken place before that of the main verb.

Look at the following sentences using the present and present perfect subjunctive: Es importante que estudies ahora mismo. It is important that you study right now.   Es importante que estudies este fin de semana. It is important that you study this weekend. Dudo que hayas estudiado hoy. I doubt that you have studied today.

Pluperfect Subjunctive Formation: The pluperfect subjunctive is formed with the imperfect subjunctive of the verb haber + the past participle of the verb. Hubiera llegado Hubiéramos llegado Hubieras llegado Hubiera llegado Hubieran llegado

The pluperfect subjunctive is used when the subjunctive is needed and the main verb is in the past (preterite, imperfect, or pluperfect tense) or the conditional. And when the action of the verb in the subjunctive is expected to have taken place before that of the main verb.

Note the use of the pluperfect subjunctive in the following example:   El entrenador quería que nosotros hubiéramos corrido tres millas antes del comienzo del partido. The trainer wanted us to have run three miles before the beginning of the game.

Practice (Present Perfect) 1. Yo _________________ con ellos. (hablar) 2. Ella __________________ el sábado. (salir) 3. Ellos ______________ ir a la fiesta. (querer) 4. Tú ________ fruta en la frutería. (comprar) 5. Juan ____________ en Puerto Rico. (vivir) 6. Nosotros _____________ la verdad. (decir) 7. Ellas __________________ la tarea. (hacer) 8. Tú y yo _____________ en el agua. (nadar) 9. Uds _______________ español. (aprender) 10. Ud ________ un fin de semana muy interesante. (tener) 11. Mi amigo _________________ al cine. (ir) 12. Yo ___________________ la mesa. (poner)

¿CÓMO SE DICE? 1. I have done my homework. 2. You have listened to your mom. 3. He has written a sentence. 4. They have lived in Venezuela. 5. We have received a package. 6. She has walked in the park. 7. You have eaten fish. 8. I have taken off my hat. 9. The girls have painted a picture. 10. We have learned the lesson.

Present Perfect Translate using the Present Perfect 1. She has written a historical novel. 2. Tú has vivido en un país hispanohablante. 3. They have skied in Colorado. 4. Felipe se ha roto la pierna dos veces. 5. Mr. Tomas has opened the door. 6. Marisol ha compuesto una canción. 7. I have eaten spicy peppers at Mexican restaurants. 8. Nosotros no hemos ido a ver la película nueva de Disney.

Pluperfect Translate using the Pluperfect 1. When Mr. Jimenez arrived at the airport, the plane had departed. 2. Cuando la Sra. Garza entró en la cocina, el gato había comido el pez. 3. When Marisol called, Carlos had already gone to bed. 4. Cuando llegamos al cine, habían vendido todos los billetes. 5. Never before had Felipe gone out with Gloria. 6. Nunca antes había ido Ana a la Argentina. 7. The boy said that he had eaten the cake. 8. Ellos confesaron que habían roto la silla.

Conditional Perfect Translate using the Conditional Perfect 1. I would have done my homework. 2. Él habría comprado un coche nuevo. 3. They would have traveled around the world. 4. Ellas habrían ido al concierto de Maná. 5. She would have contributed money to the church. 6. Tú habrías regalado un perrito a tu hermanito. 7. You (formal) would have bought a ticket to the movies. 8. Nosotros habríamos puesto los libros en nuestras mochillas.

Future Perfect Translate using the Future Perfect 1. Esta noche a las diez ya habré terminado mi tarea. 2. Tomorrow at 8 am I will have already gotten up. 3. Para el fin de mayo, Susana ya habrá encontrado un trabajo de verano. 4. In 3 years we will have graduated. (graduarse) 5. En 10 años, Juan y Lara ya se habrán casado. 6. At the age of 30, you (informal) will have written a novel. 7. A la edad de 40, ellos habrán viajado alrededor del mundo. 8. At the age of 50, you (formal) will have become a millionaire.

Present Perfect Subjunctive 1. Dudo que Ud. (ver) __________________un Bucardo , una cabra montés, en España, porque ahora es un animal extincto. 2. Nos sorprende que tú (pagar) ____________________tanto por la cerámica. Debes regatear con los vendedores. 3. Es probable que esos turistas (ir)____________________a la playa en sus vacaciones porque están muy tostadas. 4. El médico se alegra que por fin yo (dejar)_________________ de fumar cigarrillos. 5. Ellas esperan que nosotros no (volver)_______________antes de la tormenta.

Pluperfect Subjunctive 1. No estaba segura de que el dictator _________________(decir) la verdad sobre los derechos humanos en su país. 2. Me extrañó que tú ________________(pedir) carne porque eres vegetariana. 3. Era increíble que los cocineros no _________________(cubrir) la carne en el picnic. Hay tantas moscas. 4. ¿No te molestó que tu jefe ______________(leer) tu correo electrónico? 5. Dudaba que nuestra profesora ________________ (comprar) un MacBook Pro.

Textbook exercises Spanish 3: p223-225 exercises 1-3, p255-258 exercises 1-8, PRE AP ONLY p309-310 exercises 5-8. Spanish 4: p. 360 (10.8, 10.9), p371 (10.26, 10.27), p. 417 (11.29, 11.30), p. 435 (12.7)