Present Tense Indicative Regular, Irregular, Stem-changing

Regular verbs should be automatic for you: hablar yo hablonosotros hablamos tú hablasvosotros habláis él, ella hablaellos hablan comervivir como comemos vivo vivimos comes coméisvivesvivís comecomenviveviven

Go here to do an assignment over regular verbs.here (Considered part of the homework to turn in if I don’t make it classwork.)

Stem-changing verbs When you learn a new verb, you HAVE to learn whether it’s stem-changing as well. There are 3 categories: e  ie e  i o  ue querer pedir poder quiero queremos pido pedimos puedo podemos quieres queréis pides pedís puedes podéis quiere quieren pide piden puede pueden

Here are some common stem-changing verbs: e  ie e  i o  ue querer (to want) pedir (to ask for) volver (to return) cerrar (to close) servir (to serve) poder (can) perder (to lose) repetir (to repeat) dormir (to sleep) pensar (to think) seguir (to follow) morir (to die) sentir (to feel) decir (to say, tell) encontrar (to find ) sentarse (to sit down) acostarse ( to go to bed) comenzar (to begin) recordar (to remember) preferir (to prefer) almorzar (to have lunch) empezar (to begin) entender (to understand) despertarse(to wake up) Sometimes you have more than one “e” or “o” in the stem. Remember that it’s the last vowel in the stem that changes.

The stem-changing verbs on the previous page are some of the most common. But when you’ve learned others, & you will be learning more as you look them up for use in writing, BE SURE YOU NOTE WHETHER EVERY VERB YOU LOOK UP/LEARN IS STEM-CHANGING OR NOT. Duh question: figure out if “masticar” (to chew) is stem- changing. Duh answer: exactly which vowel in that word could you stem- change? Point: only words that have an e or o right before the –ar/-er/-ir can be stem-changing, so don’t bother trying to find out, if there’s no e or o there.

The one u  ue stem-changing verb is “jugar.” juegojugamos juegasjugáis juegajuegan

Irregular Verbs VERY irregular verbs: ser estar ir soysomosestoy estamos voy vamos eres soisestás estáis vas vais essonestá están va van oír oigo oímos oyes oís oye oyen

Verbs irregular only in the first person singular dar – doy conocer – conozco saber – sé traer – traigo poner – pongo hacer – hago salir – salgo ver – veo dar – doy *tener – tengo *venir – vengo *decir – digo *These verbs are also stem-changing.

The previous slides contained irregular verbs you’ve already learned. Following are additional irregular verbs. Irregular in first person only: caer – caigo caber – quepo valer – valgo to fall to fit (inside something) to be worth nacer – nazcocrecer – crezco to be born to grow parecer – parezco conducir – conduzco to appear to drive producir – produzcotraducir -- traduzco to produce to translate Most words that end with –cer or –cir are conjugated with –zco in the 1 st person.

The following verbs stem-change in 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd singular & 3 rd plural. huirconstuir to flee to build huyo huimosconstruyo construimos huyes huísconstruyes construís huye huyen construye construyen fluirdestruir to flow to destroy fluyo fluimosdestruyo destruimos fluyes fluís destruyes destruís fluye fluyen destruye destruyen

ALL verbs that end in –uir are conjugated as the previous four. Note that oír, with the exception of the irregular yo form, is conjugated the same way.

Spelling Changes Verbs spell change in the present indicative for the same reason they change in the preterit and in the present subjunctive: to maintain the pronunciation of a consonant. There’s always a g/j, c/z, or g/gu involved. coger torcer seguir to catch, grab to twist to follow cojo cogemos tuerzotorcemossigo seguimos coges cogéis tuercestorcéissigues seguís coge cogen tuercetuercensigue siguen All verbs that end in –ger, -gir will be conjugated like coger. All that end in –cer or –cir and AREN’T conjugated with a –zco in 1 st person will be conjugated like torcer.

Words aren’t “allowed” to begin with ie or ue. So if necessary, you add an h- to the front of the ue and change the i to a y. oler (o  ue) errar (e  ie) to smell to miss, get wrong huelo olemosyerro erramos hueles oleisyerraserrais huele huelenyerrayerran

A final but very important note: if there’s a prefix on the word, it’s conjugated just the same as the simple word: proponerdetenerdevolver conseguir disponer obtenerrevolverperseguir

PRACTICE