The indicative Versus The indicative The subjunctive Versus.

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El subjuntivo y los usos
In the previous lesson, you learned how to use the subjunctive with expressions of will and influence. You will now learn how to use the subjunctive with.
In the previous lesson, you learned how to use the subjunctive with expressions of will and influence. You will now learn how to use the subjunctive with.
With the exception of commands, all the verb forms you have been using have been in the indicative mood. The indicative is used to state facts and to express.
Transcripción de la presentación:

The indicative

Versus

The indicative The subjunctive Versus

The indicative The subjunctive Versus used to state facts and to express actions or states that the speaker considers to be real and definite

The indicative The subjunctive Versus used to state facts and to express actions or states that the speaker considers to be real and definite expresses the speaker’s attitudes toward events, as well as actions or states the speaker’s views as uncertain or hypothetical

Se utiliza el subjuntivo más en el español que inglés. Nota la diferencia entre:

Se utiliza el subjuntivo más en el español que inglés. Nota la diferencia entre: “The professor insists that Carlos go to class every day.”

Se utiliza el subjuntivo más en el español que inglés. Nota la diferencia entre: “The professor insists that Carlos go to class every day.” “His friends insist that Carlos goes to class every day”.

Se utiliza el subjuntivo más en el español que inglés. Nota la diferencia entre: “The professor insists that Carlos go to class every day.” – subjuntivo “His friends insist that Carlos goes to class every day”. – indicativo

Se utiliza el subjuntivo más en el español que inglés. Nota la diferencia entre: “The professor insists that Carlos go to class every day.” – subjuntivo El profesor insiste en que Carlos vaya a clase todos los días. “His friends insist that Carlos goes to class every day”. – indicativo Sus amigos insisten en que Carlos va a clase todos los días.

Verbs with irregular yo forms show the same irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive.

To maintain the -c, -g, and -z sounds, verbs ending in - car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in all forms of the present subjunctive.

-Ar and -er stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative.

-Ir stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative, but in addition, the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms undergo a stem change. The unstressed e changes to i, while the unstressed o changes to u.

¡Atención! The subjunctive form of hay (there is, there are) is also irregular: haya.

The subjunctive is most often used in sentences that consist of a main clause and a subordinate clause. The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive. The conjunction que connects the subordinate clause to the main clause. The subjunctive is used when there is a “change in direction” between the two clauses.

When there is no “change in direction” then the infinitive is used. Compare:

The subjunctive is mainly used to express: will and influence emotion doubt, disbelief, and denial indefiniteness and nonexistence

Will and influence: verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people. Examples: necesitar, desear, insistir, pedir, preferir, querer, sugerir. Some impersonal expressions, such as es necesario que, es importante que, es mejor que, and es urgente que, are considered expressions of will or influence. Quiero que hagas la tarea. Insisto que llames a tu madre. Sugiero que vayas a España. Emotion: When the verb in the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling such as hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise, etc., the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause. Examples: esperar, es terrible, gustar, sorprender, es triste, temer, es extraño, ojalá que. Espero que llegues pronto. Es terrible que no tengamos más oportunidades. Es extraño que los elefantes no les guste la pizza. Me alegro que no llueva. Me gusta que hables español. Doubt, disbelief, and denial: the subjunctive is used to express these emotions and also when there is negation and uncertainty. Examples: dudar, negar, no creer, es imposible. Yo dudo que vengas mañana. No creo que tengas el dinero. The indicative is used when there is no doubt or uncertainty in the main clause. Here is a list of some expressions of certainty. Examples: creer, es seguro, es obvio, no hay duda. No hay duda que vienes mañana. Yo creo que tienes el dinero. Indefiniteness and nonexistence: the subjunctive is used in an adjective (or subordinate) clause that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite. There are differences in meaning between statements using the indicative and those using the subjunctive.

¿En qué quieres que trabaje tu hijo en el futuro?

¿En qué quieres que trabaje tu hijo en el futuro? Yo quiero que mi hijo sea un médico.

¿En qué quieres que trabaje tu hijo en el futuro? Yo quiero que mi hijo sea un médico. Yo quiero que mi hijo trabaje como médico.

¿Qué necesita Salem para que sea más bonita?

¿Qué necesita Salem para que sea más bonita? Es importante que Salem tenga más flores en la calle.

¿Qué necesita Salem para que sea más bonita? Es importante que Salem tenga más flores en la calle. Salem necesita que la gente limpie más frecuentemente.

¿Qué cosa piensas que sea terrible?

¿Qué cosa piensas que sea terrible? Es terrible que haya tanta guerra en el mundo.

¿Qué cosa piensas que sea terrible? Es terrible que haya tanta guerra en el mundo. Es terrible que el subjuntivo sea tan difícil.

¿Crees que es posible cruzar el mar en cinco minutos?

¿Crees que es posible cruzar el mar en cinco minutos? No creo que sea posible cruzar el mar en cinco minutos.

¿Crees que es posible cruzar el mar en cinco minutos? No creo que sea posible cruzar el mar en cinco minutos. Es imposible que una persona cruce el mar en cinco minutos.

Will and influence: verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people. Examples: necesitar, desear, insistir, pedir, preferir, querer, sugerir. Some impersonal expressions, such as es necesario que, es importante que, es mejor que, and es urgente que, are considered expressions of will or influence. Quiero que hagas la tarea. Insisto que llames a tu madre. Sugiero que vayas a España. Emotion: When the verb in the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling such as hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise, etc., the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause. Examples: esperar, es terrible, gustar, sorprender, es triste, temer, es extraño, ojalá que. Espero que llegues pronto. Es terrible que no tengamos más oportunidades. Es extraño que los elefantes no les guste la pizza. Me alegro que no llueva. Me gusta que hables español. Doubt, disbelief, and denial: the subjunctive is used to express these emotions and also when there is negation and uncertainty. Examples: dudar, negar, no creer, es imposible. Yo dudo que vengas mañana. No creo que tengas el dinero. The indicative is used when there is no doubt or uncertainty in the main clause. Here is a list of some expressions of certainty. Examples: creer, es seguro, es obvio, no hay duda. No hay duda que vienes mañana. Yo creo que tienes el dinero. Indefiniteness and nonexistence: the subjunctive is used in an adjective (or subordinate) clause that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite. There are differences in meaning between statements using the indicative and those using the subjunctive.