THE PRETERITE TENSE A simple past tense in Spanish.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

THE PRETERITE TENSE A simple past tense in Spanish

What is the preterite tense?

The preterite is a simple past tense in Spanish. It is used for:

An action completed in the past Ayer le escribí una carta a mi mamá. Yesterday I wrote a letter to my mom.

An action viewed as a single event in the past Ellos llegaron a las ocho. They arrived at 8:00.

Actions that were repeated a specific number of times Anteayer llamé a mi novio tres veces. The day before yesterday I called my boyfriend three times.

Actions that occurred during a specific period of time Nosotros trabajamos en la librería por dos años. We worked at the library for two years.

Actions that were a part of a chain of events Ella se levantó, se vistió, y salió de la casa. She got up, got dressed, and left the house.

Stating the beginning or end of an action. Empezó a nevar a las cuatro de la tarde. It began to snow at 4:00 p.m.

How is the preterite formed?

For Regular AR Verbs Drop the AR and add the following: Yoé Túaste Ustedó El ó Ellaó Nosotrosamos Nosotrasamos Ustedes aron Ellosaron Ellasaron

For Regular ER or IR Verbs Drop the ER or IR and add the following: Yoí Túiste Ustedió El ió Ellaió Nosotrosimos Nosotrasimos Ustedes ieron Ellosieron Ellasieron

Ser (to be) and Ir (to go) are irregular and have the same conjugation: Yofui Túfuiste Ustedfue El fue Ellafue Nosotrosfuimos Nosotrasfuimos Ustedes fueron Ellosfueron Ellasfueron

Dar (to give) is irregular: Yodi Túdiste Usteddio El dio Elladio Nosotrosdimos Nosotrasdimos Ustedes dieron Ellosdieron Ellasdieron

Hacer (to do; to make) is irregular: Yohice Túhiciste Ustedhizo El hizo Ellahizo Nosotroshicimos Nosotrashicimos Ustedes hicieron Elloshicieron Ellashicieron

GAR verbs have an irregular yo. Jugar (to play) is an example: Yojugué Tújugaste Ustedjugó El jugó Ellajugó Nosotrosjugamos Nosotrasjugamos Ustedes jugaron Ellosjugaron Ellasjugaron

CAR verbs have an irregular yo. Buscar (to look for) is an example: Yobusqué Túbuscaste Ustedbuscó El buscó Ellabuscó Nosotrosbuscamos Nosotrasbuscamos Ustedes buscaron Ellosbuscaron Ellasbuscaron

ZAR Verbs have an irregular yo. Empezar (to begin) is an example: Yoempecé Túempezaste Ustedempezó El empezó Ellaempezó Nosotrosempezamos Nosotrasempezamos Ustedes empezaron Ellosempezaron Ellasempezaron

For verbs that end in AER, EER, OIR, and OER, the él,/ella/usted form uses the ending yó (rather than ió). The third person plural uses the ending yeron (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter i.

Leer, creer, and oír are examples of this rule. Yoleí Túleíste Ustedleyó El leyó Ellaleyó Nosotrosleímos Nosotrasleímos Ustedes leyeron Ellosleyeron Ellasleyeron

AR and ER verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs.

IR verbs that change their stem in the present tense do change in the preterite, but in a different way. They change e i and o u in the third person, singular and plural.

Dormir (to sleep) is an example of this rule: Yodormí Túdormiste Usteddurmió El durmió Elladurmió Nosotrosdormimos Nosotrasdormimos Ustedes durmieron Ellosdurmieron Ellasdurmieron

Another example is preferir (to prefer): Yopreferí Túpreferiste Ustedprefirió El prefirió Ellaprefirió Nosotrospreferimos Nosotraspreferimos Ustedes prefirieron Ellosprefirieron Ellasprefirieron

The following verbs are irregular in the preterite and must be memorized: Ver (to see) Traer (to bring) Decir (to say; to tell)

Ver – to see Yovi Túviste Ustedvio El vio Ellavio Nosotrosvimos Nosotrasvimos Ustedes vieron Ellosvieron Ellasvieron

Traer – to bring Yotraje Tútrajiste Ustedtrajo El trajo Ellatrajo Nosotrostrajimos Nosotrastrajimos Ustedes trajeron Ellostrajeron Ellastrajeron

Decir – to say; to tell Yodije Túdijiste Usteddijo El dijo Elladijo Nosotrosdijimos Nosotrasdijimos Ustedes dijeron Ellosdijeron Ellasdijeron

A number of verbs that are irregular in the preterite follow a particular pattern. While their stems change, they all take the following endings: YoeNosotrosimos Nosotrasimos Túiste UstedoUstedesieron EloEllosieron EllaoEllasieron

Here are the irregular verbs and their stems: Estar(to be)estuv Tener(to have)tuv Poder(to be able to)pud Poner(to put; to place)pus Saber(to know)sup Querer(to want)quis Venir(to come)vin

Saber (to know) is an example: Yosupe Túsupiste Ustedsupo El supo Ellasupo Nosotrossupimos Nosotrassupimos Ustedes supieron Ellossupieron Ellassupieron

Estar (to be) is also an example: Yoestuve Túestuviste Ustedestuvo El estuvo Ellaestuvo Nosotrosestuvimos Nosotrasestuvimos Ustedes estuvieron Ellosestuvieron Ellasestuvieron