Comparativos y superlativos

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Comparativos y superlativos formas y usos

To compare things that are the same: Use: tan + adj./adv. + como Yo soy tan alta como tú. I am as tall as you. Corro tan rápidamente como tú. I run as quickly as you.

Equality Paco es tan alto como Luis. Marta es tan alta como Ana. In Spanish, we use the words tan… como to express equality. In between these words, we insert an adjective or an adverb. Note that the adjective changes to agree with the first person (Paco/alto, Marta/alta) that we talk about.

Let’s practice! Paco es rico. José es rico también (also). Paco es ___ ____ ___ José.

¡Muy bien! Paco es tan rico como José. Beti es guapa. Juana es guapa también. Beti es ___ ____ ____ Juana.

Otro más Beti es tan guapa como Juana. Roberto es gordo. Tomás es gordo. Diego es gordo. Roberto y Tomás son ___ ___ ___ Diego.

¡Muy bien! Roberto y Tomás son tan gordos como Diego. (We are comparing one group of two people with one person.) Did you remember to make gordos plural to agree with the plural subject (Roberto y Tomás)?

To compare inequality with people: More than = más + (adjective) + que Soy más alta que tú. I am taller than you. Less than = menos + (adjective) + que Soy menos alta que tú. I am less tall than you. (or shorter than…)

Wait! There’s more! There are two ways that we can talk about inequality: John isn’t as tall as Frank. Frank is taller than John. (or John is shorter than Frank.) The second way is to use the comparative form of the adjective: taller, shorter, bigger, more handsome, more intelligent… In English, sometimes we put an –er on the end of the word. Sometimes we use “more.”

To compare inequality with actions: More than = más + (adverb) + que Corro más rápidamente que tú. I run more quickly than you. Less than = menos + (adverb) + que Corro menos rápidamente que tú. I run less quickly than you.

Let’s try a few. Create a sentence using the word cues. Example: Ernesto > Samuel (bajo) Ernesto es más bajo que Samuel. Juana > Paquita (delgado)

¡Bien! Juana es más delgada que Paquita. Did you remember to change the form of the adjective (delgado) to agree with the subject (Juana)? Here’s another: Carlos > Verónica (rico)

¡Correcto! Carlos es más rico que Verónica. The adjective agrees with the first person you talked about (Carlos). One more, please: Chicago > Miami (grande)

¡Qué fácil! Chicago es más grande que Miami.

What else? So far, we’ve compared one person or place with another. What if we want to compare one person with a lot of others? In English, we say “Frank is the tallest in his family.” Frank is being compared to at least two other family members. This is called the superlative form.

And in Spanish? Take a look at some examples in Spanish. Any guesses as to how this works? Paco es el más alto de la familia. Julia es la más baja de la familia. Mis padres son los más inteligentes de la familia. Mis hermanas son las más bonitas de la familia.

That’s right! Use the expressions el más… de (Paco > el) la más… de (Julia > la) los más… de (padres > los) las más… de (hermanas > las) The article agrees with the person/place/object described.

To talk about having the most or the least: la + (noun) + más + (ADJ) los menos las Soy la profesora más inteligente.

Let’s practice! Un Ford cuesta $15,000. Un Buick cuesta $20,000. Un Lexus cuesta $25,000; es muy caro (expensive). El Lexus es ___ ____ ____ ____ todos los autos. El Lexus es el más caro de todos los autos. (or “El Lexus es el auto más caro de todos.”)

Uno más, por favor. Humberto es inteligente, David es muy inteligente, y Victoria es muy, muy inteligente. Victoria es ___ ___ ___ ____ todos. Victoria es la más inteligente de todos.

Can I have another? Teresa y Soraya son unas amigas muy simpáticas. Ellas son ___ ___ ___ ___ todas mis amigas. Ellas son las más simpáticas de todas mis amigas.

One for the road! Pedro es buen alumno. Pablo es muy bueno. Eduardo es muy, muy buen almuno. Eduardo es ___ ___ ___ los tres. Eduardo es el mejor de los tres (or Eduardo es el mejor alumno de los tres). The irregulars “mejor, peor, mayor, menor” can also be used in the superlative form.

To talk about being the best, the worst, the oldest or the youngest: el mejor(es) la + peor(es) + (noun) de… los mayor(es) las menor(es)

Ejemplos… Este colegio tiene los mejores estudiantes de Wisconsin. This high school has the best students in Wisconsin. Yo soy la menor (hija) de mi familia. I am the youngest (daughter) in my family.

To make an extreme adjective: Add –ísimo (-a,-as,-os) to the adjective. ¡Esta clase es buenísima! ¡Mi papá es aburridísimo! ¡Los exámenes son facilísimos!