PRETERITE To express actions initiated or completed in the past. When talking about the beginning or end of an event(terminated action). ar yo = é nosotros/as = amos tú = aste vosotros/as = asteis usted, él, ella = ó ustedes, él, ella = aron er/ir yo = í nosotros/as = imos tú = iste vosotros/as = isteis usted, él, ella = ió ustedes, él, ella = ieron Accent mark in the yo and the usted, él, ella forms The conjugation of ver does not have an accent mark : vi, vio … Stem changing ar and er verbs do not change in the preterite (pensar and volver) pensar: pensé, pensaste, pensamos, pensasteis, pensaron

PRETERITE Verbs ending in car, gar, and zar have spelling change in the yo form. car = qu sacar: saqué gar = gu llegar: llegué zar = c empezar: empecé Verb dar uses the endings of er and ir verbs dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron Some time expressions that can use with the preterite to denote past time: ayer; anteyer; anoche, anteanoche/antenoche; la semana pasada; el año pasado; el mes pasado Preterite of er and ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel: are the same as those of regular er and ir verbs, except for the él, ella, usted form and the ellos, ellas, ustedes form which end in yó and yeron. leer: él, ella, usted (leyó) ellos, ellas, ustedes (leyeron) Other verbs: oir, caer, creer, construir

PRETERITE Irregular preterite forms. All of them have an i in the stem and do not stress the last syllable in the yo and él, ella, usted forms. hacer: hic hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron querer: quis quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron venir: vin vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron Verbs decir, traer, and all verbs ending in ducir (traducir) have a j in the stem. Decir also have an i in the stem. decir: dij dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron traer: traj traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron traducir: traduj traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

PRETERITE ir and ser: have identical forms in the preterite. fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron Stem changing ir verbs e=ie and o=u preferir: preferí,preferiste, prefirió, preferimos, preferisteis, prefirieron dormir: dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron Preterite ending of stem changing ir verbs are the same as those used for regular ir verbs. All ir verbs whose stem vowel e changes to ie or i in the present tense change the same vowel to i in the él, ella, usted form and the ellos, ellas, ustedes form. Other verbs which follow the preferir pattern are pedir, despedir, seguir, and servir. Dormir and morir (to die) whose stem vowel o changes to ue in the present tense, change the same vowel to u in the él, ella, usted form and the ellos, ellas, ustedes form.

PRETERITE The following irregular verbs have a u in the preterite stem. The yo and él, ella, usted forms do not stress the last syllable. estar: estuv estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron tener: tuv tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron poder: pud pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron poner: pus puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron saber: sup supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron

IMPERFECT Talk about the middle or on-going part of an event or customary or habitual actions in the past. Not perfected or completed in the past. Something that was happening; you used to do; say how old someone was; tell what time it was. Explain what used to happen- (on going) Repeated action in the past: Nosotros ibamos a la playa todos los dias. Express action that was in progress in the past: En esos momentos Juan hablaba con su hermana. Imperfect of estar + present participle (ando/iendo) to emphasize on- going activity: En esos momentos Juan estaba hablando con su hermana.

IMPERFECT Describe characteristics and conditions in the past. La casa era blanca, con techo rojo, y tenia dos dormitorios. Tell time in the past. Era la una. Tell age in the past. Ella tenia dieciocho anos. Apply both tense to talk about two overlapping events. Preterite: for action that occurred. Imperfect: for what was going on at the time. Expressions used with imperfect: mientras; a veces; siempre; generalmente; frecuentemente

IMPERFECT ar yo = aba nosotros/as = abamos tú = abas vosotros/as = ábais usted, él, ella = aba ustedes, él, ella = aban er/ir yo = ía nosotros/as = íamos tú = ías vosotros/as = íais usted, él, ella = ía ustedes, él, ella = ían Endings for er and ir verbs are the same and every verb form has an accent mark over the í of the ending. Stem changing verbs do not change in the imperfect. Ella no duerme bien ahora, pero antes dormía muy bien.

IMPERFECT Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect. ir: iba,ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban ser: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran ver: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían Imperfect form of hay is había (there was, there were, there used to be