The Past Participle and the Present Perfect Indicative (El participio pasado y el presente perfecto de indicativo) He limpiado el virus de su computadora y he instalado un programa antivirus.

ido For -ar verbs: Start with the infinitive... cerrar remove the verb ending... and add ado. ado For -er and -ir verbs: Start with the infinitive...remove the verb ending... and add ido. venderido recibir How the past participle is formed

This is how you form the past participle in Spanish: Drop the –ar and add –ado: hablarhabladonadarnadado pensarpensadoalmorzaralmorzado llegarllegadoestarestado Drop the –er or –ir and add –ido: comercomidopoderpodido leerleídoquererquerido asistirasistidovenirvenido

How the past participle is formed The past participle is used in Spanish and English as an adjective or as part of the perfect tenses. In English, it is usually the -ed or -en form of the verb. tomar tomado (taken) comer comido (eaten) vivir vivido (lived) creerbelievedcreído An accent mark is used when a past participle has the combination of vowels ai, ei, or oi. leerreadleído oírheardoído traerbroughttraído

Práctica: Change each of these verbs to the participle form: 1) correr8) limpiar 2) creer9) leer 3) vivir10) aprender 4) preferir11) seguir 5) archivar12) borrar 6) entender13) apagar 7) grabar14) hablar corrido creído vivido preferido archivado entendido grabado limpiado leído aprendido seguido apagado borrado hablado

Práctica Try these phrases on your own: n She has met your sister. Ella ha conocido a tu hermana. n We’ve talked in class. Hemos hablado en clase. n I have eaten today. Yo he comido hoy. n Have you walked the dog? ¿Has caminado con el perro? n They have read many books. Ellos han leído muchos libros.

There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English. callhave called jumphave jumped lookhave looked eathave eated????have eaten bringhave bringed????have brought

How the past participle is formed The following verbs have irregular past participles. abriropenedabierto cubrircoveredcubierto morirdeadmuerto decirsaiddicho descubrirdiscovereddescubierto ponerputpuesto romperbrokenroto escribirwrittenescrito hacer done; made hecho verseenvisto volverreturnedvuelto

Práctica: Change each of these verbs to the participle form: 1) romper8) cubrir 2) descubrir9) morir 3) abrir10) poner 4) hacer11) volver 5) ver12) imprimir 6) decir13) ir 7) escribir roto descubierto abierto hecho visto dicho escrito cubierto muerto puesto vuelto ido impreso

Práctica n I have written. n We’ve heard. n She has put it on the desk. n They saw. n I have broken it. n He has kissed her. n He escrito. n Hemos oído. n Ella lo ha puesto en el escritorio. n Ellos han visto. n Lo he roto. n (La) ha besado a ella. beso

The past participle used as a verb The present perfect in English and Spanish is considered a compound tense because its forms require two verbs. haberto have yo tú él, ella, Ud. nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos/as, Uds. he has ha hemos habéis han I have he, she has, you have you have we have you (pl.) have they, you (pl.) have taken eaten lived Past participle tomado comido vivido In Spanish, the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the verb haber + past participle. In English, the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb to have + past participle.

The past participle used as a verb In general, the present perfect is used to refer to a past action that is perceived as having some bearing on the present. ¿Ya has usado la impresora? Have you already used the printer? Estoy buscando el cajero automático. ¿Lo has visto? I’m looking for the automatic teller. Have you seen it?

The past participle used as a verb The auxiliary verb haber agrees with the subject of the sentence. The past participle, however, is invariable when used in the perfect tense. It always ends in o. Mi jefe me ha dado un teléfono celular muy bueno. My boss has given me a very good cell phone. Marisa ha preparado la hoja electrónica. Marisa has prepared the spreadsheet.

The past participle used as a verb The auxiliary verb haber and the past participle cannot be separated by another word. Object pronouns and negative words are always placed before haber. No la he preparado. I haven’t prepared it. ¿La has abierto? Have you opened it?

The past participle used as a verb It is important to remember that the present perfect in English is often contracted, particularly in everyday speech. Such contractions do not exist in Spanish. Has leído el informe, ¿verdad? You’ve read the report, right? Sí, lo he leído varias veces. Yes, I’ve read it several times.

The past participle used as a verb The verb haber is not interchangeable with tener. Haber means to have only when used as an auxiliary verb with the past participle. Tener means to have or to own in the sense of possession. Julia tiene muchos amigos en esa empresa. Julia has many friends in that company. ¿Has tenido experiencia en hacer diseños? Have you had experience in doing designs?