Los Participios Pasados Estar + el participio pasado Realidades 3 Capítulo 2 A Los Participios Pasados Estar + el participio pasado la página 79

To form the past participle of regular verbs…

drop the –AR of the –AR infinitive and add –ADO. habl asust decor ar (spoken) ar asust ado (frightened) ar decor ado (decorated)

drop the –ER of the –ER infinitive and add –IDO. conoc aprend perd er (known) er aprend ido (learned) er perd ido (lost, wasted)

drop the –IR of the –IR infinitive and add –IDO. prefer dorm ir prefer (preferred) ir dorm ido (slept, asleep) ir ido (gone)

Expresa el participio pasado de estos verbos regulares.

tocar tocado (played, touched)

cantar cantado (sung)

dar dado (given)

ensayar ensayado (rehearsed)

practicar practicado (practiced)

sentar sentado (seated)

entrenar entrenado (trained)

alcanzar alcanzado (reached)

eliminar eliminado (eliminated)

impresionar impresionado (impressed)

apagar apagado (turned off)

animar animado (excited)

preocupar preocupado (worried, preoccupied)

ocupar ocupado (busy, occupied)

cerrar cerrado (closed)

pasar pasado (past)

comer comido (eaten)

suceder sucedido (happened)

aparecer aparecido (appeared)

tener tenido (had)

obtener obtenido (obtained, gotten)

encender encendido (turned on;lit)

torcer torcido (twisted, sprained)

vencer vencido (beaten)

poder podido (been able)

salir salido (left, gone out, come out)

influir influido (influenced)

destruir destruido (destroyed)

aplaudir aplaudido (applauded)

pedir pedido (asked for, requested)

servir servido (served)

vestir vestido (dressed)

aburrir aburrido (estar aburrido = to be bored; ser aburrido = to be boring)

seguir seguido (followed;continued)

ir ido (gone)

Irregular Past Participles Unfortunately, these must be memorized.

abrir abierto (open, opened)

poner puesto (put, placed, set)

hacer hecho (done, made)

romper roto (broken)

decir dicho (said, told)

ver visto (seen)

volver vuelto (returned (to a place))

devolver devuelto (returned (an item))

resolver resuelto (resolved, solved)

morir muerto (died, dead)

escribir escrito (written)

inscribir inscrito (registered, signed up)

descubrir descubierto (discovered)

Often past participles are used as adjectives.

Remember that adjectives modify nouns…

…and must agree in 1. gender and 2. number with the noun.

These adjectives are highly descriptive, and are placed after the modified noun.

una puerta abierta an open (ed) door

unas tareas escritas some written assignments

el libro preferido the preferred (favorite) book

los niños animados the excited children

¡A ti te toca! Your turn! Expresa en español lo siguiente…

a decorated room un cuarto decorado

the solved problem el problema resuelto

the past week la semana pasada

the written assignment la tarea escrita

the broken pottery la cerámica rota

an inspired work una obra inspirada

some seated students unos estudiantes sentados

The past participle is often used with estar to describe conditions that are the result of a previous action, temporary condition, location or emotional state. The past participle agrees with the subject in 1. gender and 2. number.

The painter is seated. El pintor está sentado. The walls are painted. modelos: The painter is seated. El pintor está sentado. The walls are painted. Las paredes están pintadas.

Expresa en español: The problem is solved. El problema está resuelto.

The problem was solved. El problema estaba resuelto.

The store is open. La tienda está abierta.

The store is closed. La tienda está cerrada.

The statues are broken. Las estatuas están rotas.

Everyone is bored. Todos están aburridos.

The lights were turned on. Las luces estaban encendidas.

The lights were turned off. Las luces estaban apagadas.

The room is decorated. El cuarto está decorado.

The students were asleep. Los estudiantes estaban dormidos.

The gifts were hidden. Los regalos estaban escondidos.

The money was lost. El dinero estaba perdido.

I was busy. Estaba ocupado (a).

We were worried. Estábamos preocupados (as).

¡ El fiiiiiiiiin ¡