Food Webs/Chains and Energy Pyramids

Ecology SC.912.L.17.9 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. Essential Question: How does the movement of matter and energy through biological systems impact you?

Organisms in a Ecosystem ¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de organismos en una cadena alimenticia? ___________- Come plantas ___________- Come animales ___________- Come las plantas y los animales ___________- Comer organismos muertos ___________- Comedores microscópicas del organismo muerto Estos son los consumidores (heterótrofos) Depender de otros organismos de energía y nutrientes Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Scavengers Decomposers

Primary Producers (Autotrophs) energy _____________from Capturar el _________ oa partir de productos químicos y almacenarlo en los lazos de azúcares, por lo que es disponible para el resto de la comunidad La energía del sol es captada por ___________, algas o bacterias a través ________________________. La energía de los productos químicos es capturado por algunas bacterias a través de la quimiosíntesis sun plants photosynthesis

Food chains Sun Las relaciones tróficas Level 4 Tertiary consumer Sun Las relaciones tróficas todas las cadenas de comida comienzan con la energía de la _________ primer nivel de todas las cadenas de comida es ___________or ____________ la mayoría de las cadenas de comida por lo general suben sólo 4 o 5 niveles todos los niveles se conectan a ____________________ ¿Qué hacen? ¿Cómo está el sol envuelto en una cadena alimentaria? Top carnivore Level 3 Secondary consumer sun Carnivore plants producers Level 2 Primary consumer Herbivore Level 1 Producer decomposers Fungi Decomposers Bacteria

Q: ¿Cómo puede la estabilidad de un ecosistema verse afectada si todos los descomponedores se retiraron de repente?

Food webs Las cadenas alimentarias están unidos entre sí en las redes alimentarias ¿Quién se come a quién? ¿Cuáles son los consumidores primarios? ¿Cuáles son los consumidores secundarios? ¿Cuáles son los consumidores terciarios? ¿Qué representa la flecha? ¿Importa la dirección? La energía se transfiere Sí, se muestra la dirección del flujo de energía Muchas conexiones a través del ecosistema

Food Web ¿Cómo podría un derrame de petróleo en el océano afectar a una cadena alimentaria acuática? Lo que podría pasar a la red de alimentos en un terreno ubicado cerca del

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems ¿Cuánta energía se transfiere de un nivel trófico al siguiente? Sólo la energía que es ____________in el organismo se transmite a los organismos que lo consume. Aproximadamente el 90% de la energía ________ de un nivel al siguiente Sólo _________of energía se transfiere al siguiente nivel trófico. stored lost 10% sun loss of energy

energy lost to daily living Loss of energy – 10% Rule La pérdida de energía entre los niveles de la cadena alimentaria Para cuando se pierde la energía? ____________________ The cost of living! 10% growth energy lost to daily living only this energy moves on to the next level in the food chain 40% cellular respiration 50% waste (feces)

Energy Pyramid Shows the loss of ____________ between the levels of a food chain or web can feed ___________organisms in each level energy fewer Number of Organisms 1 100 100,000 1,000,000,000

10% Rule – Energy Transfer Practice If the producers have 9998 Joules, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 9998 X 10% = ? Step 1: mover the decimal place over 1 position 9998.  999.8 Step 2: that is your answer!

10% Rule – Energy Transfer Practice If the 1 consumers have 999.8 Joules, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 999.8 X 10% = ____________ 99.98 Joules

10% Rule – Energy Transfer Practice If the 2 consumers have 99.98 Joules, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 9.998 Joules 99.98 X 10% = ____________

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the rabbits, if all the vegetation is destroyed? If a population loses ALL of its food sources, it will become extinct. Technically extirpated (extirpation = localized extinction), but that isn’t an important nuance for them to learn until college.

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the cougar, if all of the deer die? If a population loses SOME of its food sources, it will decrease in size.

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the mice, if all of the foxes are eaten by the cougars? If a population loses its predators, it will increase in size.

Energy flows through… producers (plants) sun secondary consumers (carnivores) loss of energy sun loss of energy primary consumers (herbivores) loss of energy producers (plants)

But what about nutrients? (review) Energy flows through but nutrients __________ nutrients must be _____________to be available for the next generation ______________return nutrients to the soil after creatures die fungi bacteria cycle recycled decomposers decomposers

Nutrients cycle around… through decomposers consumers decomposers producers phosphorus potassium iron carbon nitrogen soil magnesium calcium

Energy flows Nutrients cycle 2006-2007 loss of energy sun secondary consumers (carnivores) decomposers loss of energy primary consumers (herbivores) loss of energy producers (plants) soil soil

Ecosystem inputs nutrients cycle inputs energy nutrients biosphere energy flows through constant input of energy nutrients cycle Matter cannot be created or destroyed Don’t forget the laws of Physics! nutrients can only cycle inputs energy nutrients

Any Questions??

Scenario A simple ecosystem consists of ample grass, a herd of 50 deer, a nest of 2000 rabbits, a cast of 10 hawks and a sleuth of 5 bears. Deer and rabbits are herbivores, hawks only eat rabbits and bears eat both deer and rabbits. Draw a food web, showing how the animals in this ecosystem are fed and what the transfer of energy is. Discuss what would happen to the ecosystem if... The deer began reproducing rapidly. Some of the rabbits migrated out of the area. The bears were hunted by humans. The removal of which group would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?