Jacky Mendoza.4 PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS

Saber que es un pronombre relativo Saber que son los diferentes pronombres relativos en Español Como usar un pronombre relativo Ver una frase y decidir si un pronombre relativo esta usado correctamente o no PARA EL FIN DE ESTA LECCIÓN, PODRÁS:

A RELATIVE PRONOUN is a word that refers back to another expression or object that is called the ANTECEDENT. The girl that you saw is my sister. Matt is who will be showing you around. The difference between relative pronouns in English and Spanish are few but make the world of a difference. In English, you can typically omit the relative pronoun and the sentence will still make sense. In Spanish you cannot do that. In Spanish, similarly spelled question words like que and qué are differentiated by not using accents on relative pronouns. The last difference is that in Spanish, there is a variety of pronouns to choose from, as you will see in the next slide. WHAT IS A RELATIVE PRONOUN?

QUE, QUIEN, EL QUE, EL CUAL Que that, which, who, whom Quien, quienes who El que, la que, los que, las que that, which, who, whom El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales that, which, who, whom PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS

Notice that the list is given in the order of length: que (only three characters) quien (five) el que (six) el cual (seven) In general, these four relative pronouns are used depending on their length and the distance between them and the antecedent. That is, the longer the distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, the longer is the relative pronoun to be used. TIP

Que, the shortest relative pronoun, is used when the relative pronoun comes immeditely after the antecedant, with nothing between the two, not even a commma. It can be used for both people and objects and can be both the subject or object: La pluma que está en la mesa no es mía, (The pen that/which is on the table isn't mine.) Conozco a la chica que vive allí. (I know the girl that/who lives there.) QUE

Que can also be used after short separation from the antecedent, such as a comma or a one-syllable preposition (like a, de, en) if the antecedent is not a person. ¿Es ésta la escuela a que asististe? (Is that the school (which) you attended?) No es el banco en que deposité mi dinero. (It's not the bank in which I deposited my money.) NOTE: Que is not used after prepositions such as sin, por, or para because those combination can be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que (without), porque (because), and para que (so that). QUE (CONTD.)

Quien and the plural form Quienes are used when the antecedent is a person and there is some distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, usually a comma or a short (one- or two-syllable) preposition: María es la mujer con quien quería casarme. (Maria is the woman I wanted to marry.) Nadie parece conocer a Miguel, de quien está enamorada Elena. (No one seems to know Miguel, whom Elena is in love with.) NOTE: Quien is NOT used when the relative pronoun immediately follows the antecedent; que is used in that case. QUIEN

El que and its other forms, (la que, los que, las que)- agree in gender and number with the antecedent. They are typically used after some distance from the antecedent, such as a comma or a one-word preposition. This can include one syllable prepositions often used with que, particularly en, and especially the three that might cause confusion when used with que: sin, para, and por. No es el banco en el que deposité mi dinero. (Its not the bank I deposited my money in.) Perdí los documentos sin los que no puedo registrarme. (I lost the documents without which I cant register.) EL QUE

El cual and its other forms la cual, los cuales, las cuales, are used when there is greater distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun. They are mostly used after compound prepositions such as acerca de (about, concerning), al lado de (beside), dentro de (inside), después de (after), detrás de (behind), and por encima de (on top of). As with el que, the numerous forms of el cual make it useful to distinguish between more than one antecedent. Ella estaba arreglando su escritorio, por encima del cual había una cajita de música. (She was arranging her desk, on top of which there was a small music box.) Ya conoces a la hermana de Mario, acerca de la cual se oye tanto. (You already know Marthas sister; about whom you hear so much.) EL CUAL

There are relative pronouns called neuter relative pronouns, which are pronouns that refer to a situation or concept, not a specific masculine or feminine noun or pronoun. Examples of these would be lo cual or lo que, which both mean which or what. - Lo cual is used when referring to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence. - Lo que may be used like that lo cual, but can also be used when referring to something that has not been brought up before, especially at the beginning of a sentence. Also when the word what appears in a sentence and is not a question word, is can also be translated to lo que. FOR YOUR INFORMATION

Enrique empezó a gritar en voz muy alta, lo cual le molesto mucho a su familia. (Enrique began to shout in a very loud voice, which upset his family very much.) No puedo describir lo que vi en la calle esta mañana. (I cant descrbibe what I saw in the street this morning.) Lo que dijiste no tiene sentido. (What you said doesnt make any sense.) EXAMPLES OF NRPS

Cuando (when) and donde (where): El pueblo donde crecí ya no existe. (The town where I grew up no longer exists.) Recuerdas cuando descubrimos esa caverna? (Do you remember when we disocvered that cave?) OTHER RELATIVES

A) El hombre quienes conociste es mi abuelo. B) Ésas son las razones por las que no puedo acompañarte. C) La bolsa de la mujer es el que quiero. D) Leí la novela de que hablabas. PRUEBA!!

A) El hombre quienes conociste es mi abuelo. B) Ésas son las razones por las que no puedo acompañarte. C) Leí la novela de que hablabas. D) La bolsa de la mujer es el que quiero. PRUEBA!!