Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes

Slides:

Advertisements

Presentaciones similares

Advertisements

Los Números y El Tiempo. Los Números Más de = once 12 = doce 13 = trece 14 = catorce 15 = quince 16 = dieciseis 17 = diecisiete 18 = dieciocho 19.

You need to improve the way you write and think in Spanish - Time This is an interactive presentation. You need your work sheet, your pencil, and your.

Telling Time (Cómo decir la hora).

Sñta Ferreira El 3 de febrero LA HORA EN ESPAÑOL.

La hora. ¿Qué hora es? Son las ocho= Its 8 oclock Son las ocho= Its 8 oclock Son las cinco= It's 5 oclock Son las cinco= It's 5 oclock Son las seis=Its.

-AR Verbs in the Present Tense (Los verbos -ar en el tiempo presente)

Goal: Factor trinomials of the form ax2 + bx + c

In Lección 2, you learned how to form the present tense of regular -ar verbs. You also learned about the importance of verb forms, which change to show.

Tener Lets look at the verb tener (to have). It features two verb changes that we will see very soon.

Estar Forms PRESENTPRETERITEIMPERFECT estoyestuveestaba estásestuvisteestabas estáestuvoestaba estamosestuvimosestábamos estáisestuvisteisestabais estánestuvieronestaban.

Telling Time Grammar Essential #8.

Modeling the Trancoso Watershed and River Modeleando la Cuenca y Rio de Trancoso.

Método de mallas. Ejercicios.

REPASO: Plural Definite Articles Masculine los Ex: los cuadernos Feminine las Ex: las camas.

Grupos de Trabajo 6 - Informe Working Group 6 – Report Transparency.

Grupos de Trabajo # 7 - Informe Working Group # 7 – Report General Business and Operational Risks.

Beginning Low ESL Teacher

ANDRE FRANCO. Malena aprende los números Malena is learning the numbers in Spanish with objects. Lets find out how much she knows.

Telling Time in Spanish Grammar Notes

¿Qué hora es?. Es la una. Son las tres. Son las once.

A la izquierda A la derecha Todo recto

Formal Commands – Los Mandatos Formales

1 3 WAYS TO ASK A QUESTION 1.Add question marks to a statement. 2.Add a tag word to a statement. 3.Use a question word.

In Lección 2, you learned how to express preferences with gustar

In both English and Spanish, relative pronouns are used to combine two sentences or clauses that share a common element, such as a noun or pronoun. Study.

You have already learned that ser and estar both mean to be but are used for different purposes. These charts summarize the key differences in usage between.

In both English and Spanish, the verb to be (ser) and numbers are used to tell time. Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

In Lecciones 6–9, you learned the preterite tense

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved Indefinite words refer to people and things that are not specific, for example, someone.

¿Qué hora es? What time is it? (What hour is it?).

The Future Tense.

Acidos Nucleicos y Síntesis de Proteinas

Subject Pronouns and Ser

Todo tiene soluciónGramática 2 The conditional Preview The conditional.

El Imperfecto The Imperfect. Quick Review Spanish has two past tenses the preterite and the imperfect.

Por y para Youve probably noticed that there are two ways to express for in Spanish: Por Para In this slide show, well look at how these two prepositions.

Telling Time. ¿Qué hora es? What time is it? Es la una. It is one oclock. Son las dos (tres, cuatro…) It is two oclock. Son las dos y cuarto. It is 2:15.

Subject Pronouns and Ser Español 1c Subjects and Verbs The subject of a sentence tells us who is doing the action. The verb tells us what action is taking.

You will now learn how to form and use the past subjunctive (el pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo), also called the imperfect subjunctive. Like the present.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved In the previous lesson, you learned how to use the subjunctive with expressions of will.

In Lección 2, you learned how to express preferences with gustar

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved You have already learned that ser and estar both mean to be but are used for different.

Remember present tense –AR verbs… Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved

Telling Time Unidad 2 Etapa 2. Telling time in Spanish : Its 2:00.--Son las dos. Its 3:00.--Son las tres. Its 4:00.--Son las cuatro. Its 5:00--Son las.

Making comparisons In this slide show, well look at ways of expressing differences and similarities.

Los demostrativos.

El pretérito The preterite tense is used to talk about actions that occurred in the past. These events occurred and ended at specific times These events.

¿Dónde está el Corte Inglès?

Si (If) clauses describe a condition or event upon which another condition or event depends. Sentences with si clauses consist of a si clause and a main.

Ondas sísmicas. Seismic waves The energy travels as seismic waves which are vibrations caused by earthquakes. La energía viaja como ondas sísmicas que.

Gone Friday, Sept. 27? Please get the next 3 artistas in your notes. The next slide has general notes from the whiteboard and a hint for your Viva (online)

Subject Pronouns and AR verb conjugations As you click through this powerpoint, you will need to answer the questions on your worksheet. At the end, you.

When we ask what time it is in Spanish, we say “¿Qué hora es?”

(por favor) By emory gibson Para describir how long ago en español, presta attencion.

Srta. Forgue El 29 de enero de 2011

Srta. Forgue El 6 de mayo de 2011

TEMA 2.- INTRODUCCIÓN A LOS MÉTODOS ÓPTICOS PROPIEDADES DE LA RADIACION ELECTROMAGNETICA Muchas de las propiedades de la radiación electromagnética.

Telling time in Spanish: Explanation Practice exercise index McCarron.

Articles, nouns and contractions oh my!. The POWER of the article THE 1. There are four ways to express THE in Spanish 2. The four ways are: El La Los.

1 DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE and example CIRCLES PROBLEM 1a PROBLEM 2a Standard 4, 9, 17 PROBLEM 1b PROBLEM 2b PROBLEM 3 END SHOW PRESENTATION CREATED BY SIMON.

¿Qué? is used to ask for a definition or explanation. ¿Qué es el flan?

 1. Why should a person learn Spanish? Give at least 3 reasons in your explanation.  2. What Spanish experiences have you had? (None is not an option.

LOGO MSc. Pastor Enrique Vargas E.. LOGO

ASIG M METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN CONTABLE SEM DOCENTE: ING./C.P. LUIS EDUARDO MALAGÓN VÉLEZ TITULO MONOGRAFÍA Autores Monografía.

Derechos de Autor©2008.SUAGM.Derechos Reservados Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez División de Capacitación Basic Quality Tools CQIA Primer Section VII.

Question formation Preview Sí or no No and not Question words

Quantity How much? How many?

Método de mallas. Ejercicios.

Welcome to PowerPoint gdskcgdskfcbskjc. Designer helps you get your point across PowerPoint Designer suggests professional designs for your presentation,

Transcripción de la presentación:

Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Diodes Simplest Semiconductor Device Slide 1 Diodes Simplest Semiconductor Device It is a 2-terminal device Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Basic operation Ideally it conducts current in only one direction Slide 2 Basic operation Ideally it conducts current in only one direction and acts like an open in the opposite direction Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Semiconductor Materials Slide 5 Common materials used in the development of semiconductor devices: • Silicon (Si) • Germanium (Ge) Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Núcleo iónico que consta del núcleo y los electrones interiores en enlaces covalentes Figura 3.36. Cristal de silicio intrínseco.

libre, pudiendo moverse ambos con libertad por todo el cristal. Enlace roto Electrón libre Figura 3.37. La energía térmica puede romper un enlace, creando un hueco y un electrón libre, pudiendo moverse ambos con libertad por todo el cristal.

Electrones en enlaces covalentes Estado vacío (hueco) Electrones en enlaces covalentes Incremento en el tiempo Figura 3.38. A medida que los electrones se desplazan a la izquierda para llenar un hueco, el hueco se desplaza a la derecha.

Electrón de valencia extra del átomo donante Átomo donante Figura 3.39. El silicio de tipo n se crea añadiendo átomos con impurezas de valencia cinco.

Átomo aceptor Enlace vacante que se llena a la temperatura de funcionamiento Figura 3.40. El silicio de tipo p se crea añadiendo átomos de impureza con valencia tres.

Operating Conditions Slide 9 • No Bias • Forward Bias • Reverse Bias Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

No Bias Condition Slide 10 No external voltage is applied: VD = 0V and no current is flowing ID = 0A. Only a modest depletion layer exists. Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Reverse Bias Condition Slide 11 External voltage is applied across the p-n junction in the opposite polarity of the p- and n-type materials. This causes the depletion layer to widen. The electrons in the n-type material are attracted towards the positive terminal and the ‘holes’ in the p-type material are attracted towards the negative terminal. Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Forward Bias Condition Slide 12 Forward Bias Condition External voltage is applied across the p-n junction in the same polarity of the p- and n-type materials. The depletion layer is narrow. The electrons from the n-type material and ‘holes’ from the p-type material have sufficient energy to cross the junction. Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Forward Bias Voltage Slide 16 The point at which the diode changes from No Bias condition to Forward Bias condition happens when the electron and ‘holes’ are given sufficient energy to cross the p-n junction. This energy comes from the external voltage applied across the diode. The Forward bias voltage required for a • Silicon diode VT  0.7V • Germanium diode VT  0.3V Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Actual Diode Characteristics Slide 13 Actual Diode Characteristics Note the regions for No Bias, Reverse Bias, and Forward Bias conditions. Look closely at the scale for each of these conditions! Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Temperature Effects Slide 17 As temperature increases it adds energy to the diode. It reduces the required Forward bias voltage in Forward Bias condition. It increases the amount of Reverse current in Reverse Bias condition. It increases maximum Reverse Bias Avalanche Voltage. Germanium diodes are more sensitive to temperature variations than Silicon Diodes. Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Diode Specification Sheets Slide 22 Diode Specification Sheets Data about a diode is presented uniformly for many different diodes. This makes cross-matching of diodes for replacement or design easier. 1. VF, forward voltage at a specific current and temperature 2. IF, maximum forward current at a specific temperature 3. IR, maximum reverse current at a specific temperature 4. PIV or PRV or V(BR), maximum reverse voltage at a specific temperature 5. Power Dissipation, maximum power dissipated at a specific temperature 6. C, Capacitance levels in reverse bias 7. trr, reverse recovery time 8. Temperatures, operating and storage temperature ranges Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Principales características comerciales Corriente máxima en directa, IFmax o IFM (DC forward current): Es la corriente continua máxima que puede atravesar el diodo en directa sin que este sufra ningún daño. Tres límites: Corriente máxima continua (IFM). Corriente de pico transitoria (Peak forward surge current), en la que se especifica también el tiempo que dura el pico. Corriente de pico repetitivo (Recurrent peak forward current), en la que se especifica la frecuencia máxima del pico. 2. Tensión de ruptura en polarización inversa (Breakdown Voltage, BV; Peak Inverse Voltage, PIV): Es la tensión a la que se produce el fenómeno de ruptura por avalancha. 3. Tensión máxima de trabajo en inversa (Maximun Working Inverse Voltage): Es la tensión que el fabricante recomienda no sobrepasar para una operación en inversa segura. 4. Corriente en inversa, IR (Reverse current): Es habitual que se exprese para diferentes valores de la tensión inversa 5. Caída de tensión en PD, VF (Forward Voltage): A veces no es 0.7 Volts.

Practical Applications of Diode Circuits Slide 30 Practical Applications of Diode Circuits Rectifier Circuits Conversions of AC to DC for DC operated circuits Battery Charging Circuits Simple Diode Circuits Protective Circuits against Overcurrent Polarity Reversal Currents caused by an inductive kick in a relay circuit Zener Circuits Overvoltage Protection Setting Reference Voltages Robert Boylestad Digital Electronics Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.