Beginning of the year review Spanish 1 grammar

Saying the date Formula = Exception = Example = May 5th Es el (number) de (month) Exception = The first of the month is “Es el primero de (month)” Example = May 5th Es el cinco de mayo Practice: Write the following dates Christmas New years day August 10th Es el veinticinco de diciembre Es el primero de enero Es el diez de agosto

Definite and indefinite articles Definition of an article: a small word that comes before a noun and translates as “the, a, an, some”. It must match the item in number and gender. Definite articles refer to something specific. “the” Indefinite articles refer to something in general. “a, an, some” Definite articles Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Indefinite articles Singular Plural Masculine Feminine el los un unos la las una unas

Spanish subject pronouns Subject pronouns replace the name of the person doing the action in a sentence. In English they are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Spanish subject pronouns Singular Plural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person yo Nosotros, nosotras tú él ellos ella ellas usted (Ud.) ustedes (Uds.)

Ser The verb ser is one of two verbs in Spanish that translates as “to be”. The verbs are not interchangeable. Use ser in the following situations: The hour, day, and date nationality Occupation Physical or character description Religious or political affiliation Origin Possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities The material something is made of “to be” English conjugations I am You are He, she, it is We are They are

SER Nosotros(as) somos Yo soy Tú eres Él es Ellos son ella es Singular Plural 1st person I am = __________________ We are ____________________ 2nd person You (familiar) are ____________ XXX 3rd person He is =____________________ She is=____________________ You(formal) are =___________ it is=______________________ They (m) are=_______________ They (f) are=_______________ all of you are=______________ They (things) are =___________ Nosotros(as) somos Yo soy Tú eres Él es Ellos son ella es Ellas son Ud. es Ustedes son es son

Time Telling time Formula = At what time formula = (Es/son) + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day) At what time formula = A + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day) Examples: 1:10 pm __________________________________________________________ 8:30am __________________________________________________________ 7:15 pm __________________________________________________________ 9:45 am __________________________________________________________ Or_________________________________________________________ Es la una y diez de la tarde Son las ocho y media de la mañana Son las siete y cuarto de la noche Son las nueve y cuarenta y cinco de la mañana Son las diez menos cuarto de la mañana

Adjectives Adjectives definition A word that describes or modifies a noun Adjectives in Spanish must match the noun in number and gender Adjectives are generally placed after the noun in the sentence. El carro verde Los carros verdes

Conjugating –ar verbs Definitions Verb Infinitive Subject Subject pronouns Conjugate Conjugations A word that represents an action or a state of being– “it’s what you do” the simple or basic form of the verb, the unchanged verb with the –ar, -er, or –ir still attached to the end of the word. Generally means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak the person doing the action Words that replace the person’s name and used as the subject of a noun changing the verb to match the subject the forms of the verb after it has been conjugated or changed to match the subjects

Conjugating –ar verbs Take off the –ar ending. Steps Hablar –ar = habl (this is called the stem) Figure out who the subject is Yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, nosotras, ellos, ellas, ustedes Add the appropriate ending Example: HABLAR Singular Plural 1st person 2nd Person 3rd person o amos as hablamos hablo a an hablas habla hablan

Irregular verbs IR, DAR, and Estar Conjugations and translations To be To give Estar = ____________ Ir = __________ To go Dar = ____________ voy vamos doy damos estoy estamos vas das estás va van da dan está están

IR The verb ir and its conjugations are generally followed by “a” To say you are going to do something formula (ir) + a + (infinitive) To say you are going to some place formula (ir) + a + (article) + (noun) Contractions: _______ + _______ = ________ (to the, at the) _______ + _______ = ________ (of the, from the) Voy a estudiar vamos a la escuela a el al de el del

Estar This verb is not interchangeable with ser! Usage Rhyme: How you feel and where you are, you always use the verb estar. Health, feelings, location, emotions, present progressive tense