Study Guide del capítulo 4

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Study Guide del capítulo 4

Present Progressive You use the present progressive to describe actions that are ON GOING/IN PROGRESS It is formed by using the verb ESTAR with the present participle ANDO for –ar verbs, and IENDO for –er and –ir verbs.

Los Irregulares CAER DECIR DORMIR LEER MENTIR MORIR PEDIR TRAER CAYENDO DICIENDO DURMIENDO LEYENDO MINTIENDO MURIENDO PIDIENDO TRAYENDO

When using an object pronoun is used with the present progressive, place the direct object BEFORE the first verb, or after and are ATTACHED to the participle. When the object pronoun is attached to the participle, an ACCENT mark is added. The progressive can be also used with ANDAR or SEGUIR ANDAR SEGUIR Andar + present participle gives the impression that: SOMEONE GOES AROUND CONSTANTLY DOING SOMETHING sometimes with a negative connotation. Seguir + present participle is used to: SAY SOMEONE IS STILL DOING SOMETHING.

PEPITA ESTÁ HABLANDO POR TELÉFONO. SE ESTÁN LAVANDO LAS MANOS. Change the following from the present tense to the present progressive. 1. Pepita habla por teléfono. PEPITA ESTÁ HABLANDO POR TELÉFONO. 2. Se lavan las manos. SE ESTÁN LAVANDO LAS MANOS. ESTÁN LAVÁNDOSE LAS MANOS. 3. Yo me peino. YO ME ESTOY PEINANDO. ESTOY PEINÁNDOME. 4. ¿Vendes todos tus CDs? ESTÁS VENDIENDO TODOS TUS CDs? 5. Claudia los compra. CLAUDIA LOS ESTÁ COMPRANDO. CLAUDIA ESTÁ COMPRÁNDOLOS. 6. José duerme en la sala. JOSÉ ESTÁ DURMIENDO EN LA SALA.

1. ¿Tu mama va a preparar enchiladas para la fiesta? Respond to the following questions using the present progressive and direct object pronouns. 1. ¿Tu mama va a preparar enchiladas para la fiesta? LAS ESTÁ PREPARANDO PARA LA FIESTA. ESTÁ PREPARÁNDOLAS PARA LA FIESTA. 2. ¿Todos están celebrando tu cumpleaños ahora? LO ESTAMOS/ESTÁN CELEBRANDO. ESTAMOS/ESTÁN CELEBRÁNDOLO. 3. ¿Los invitados piden muchos pasteles? LOS ESTÁN PIDIENDO. ESTÁN PIDIÉNDOLOS. 4. ¿Tu hermana y tú van a servir galletas? LAS ESTAMOS SIRVIENDO. ESTAMOS SIRVIÉNDOLAS. 5. ¿No vas a leer las tarjetas de cumpleaños? LAS ESTOY LEYENDO. ESTOY LEYÉNDOLAS. 6. ¿No vas a enseñar las fotos de la última fiesta? LAS ESTOY ENSEÑANDO. ESTOY ENSEÑÁNDOLAS.

Present Perfect Indicative To form the present perfect indicative, use the present tense of the helping verb HABER followed by the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.

HABER HE HEMOS HAS HA HAN

If the stem of an –er or –ir verb ends in a vowel, other than U placed an accent on the i in ido. Traer TRAÍDO Leer  LEÍDO The present indicative is used to say WHAT HAS/HAS NOT HAPPENED IN A PERIOD OF TIME UP TO THE PRESENT or to talk about what something that happened very recently. We use the verb “ HAVE” in English.

MUERTO (MORIR)-TO DIE VUELTO (VOLVER)-TO GO BACK/RETURN PUESTO (PONER)-TO PUT/PLACE DICHO (DECIR)-TO SAY/TELL HECHO (HACER)-TO DO/MAKE DEVUELTO (DEVOLVER)-TO RETURN RESUELTO (RESOLVER)-TO RESOLVE DESCRITO (DESCRIBIR)-TO DESCRIBE ROTO (ROMPER)- TO BREAK DESCUBIERTO (DESCUBRIR)—TO DISCOVER ABIERTO (ABRIR)-TO OPEN VISTO (VER)-TO SEE IDO (IR)-TO GO ESCRITO (ESCRIBIR)-TO WRITE

When an object pronoun is used with the present perfect, it should always go BEFORE the conjugated form of haber. It CANNOT be attached to the participle, unlike the present progressive.

Make sentences using the following information. 1. Sonia/llegar/con su novio SONIA HA LLEGADO CON SU NOVIO. 2. El fotógrafo/sacarnos un montón de fotos EL FOTÓGRAFO NOS HA SACADO UN MONTÓN DE FOTOS. 3. El primo Nicolás/ preparar comida EL PRIMO NICOLÁS HA PREPARADO COMIDA. 4. Mamá/reírse con los chistes del tío Román MAMÁ SE HA REÍDO CON LOS CHISTES DEL TÍO ROMÁN 5. Abuelo/bailar con la novia ABUELO HA BAILADO CON LA NOVIA. 6. Nosotros/ver a muchos parientes NOSOTROMS HEMOS VISTO A MUCHOS PARIENTES.

HABER-SUBJUNTIVO HAYA HAYAMOS HAYAS HAYA HAYAN

HAYA DADO HAYAN ESTUDIADO HAYAN HABLADO HAYAN HECHO HAYA CANCELADO Complete the following sentences with the present perfect subjunctive of the verb in parentheses. 1. Me sorprende que el profesor ______ (dar) el examen tan pronto. HAYA DADO 2. Al profesor no le gusta que los estudiantes no ________ (estudiar) para el examen. HAYAN ESTUDIADO 3. Me da gusto que los estudiantes ________ (hablar) con el director. HAYAN HABLADO 4. Me alegra que mis amigos ______ (hacer) la tarea de historia. HAYAN HECHO 5. A mis amigos les enoja que el entrenador ________ (cancelar) el partido de béisbol. HAYA CANCELADO 6. Es una lástima que mis compañeros no ________ (poder) terminar su trabajo. HAYAN PODIDO