The “What’s With All These Tenses, And How Am I Supposed To Keep Them Straight?” Powerpoint

Present Tense AR VERBS o as a amos áis an ER VERBS o es e emos éis en IR VERBS o es e imos ís en

Present Progressive Tense Is a compound tense formed by combining the present tense of: ESTAR + Present Participle (a.k.a Gerund) Means “am, is, are doing something (right now, this second!)” Irregular Gerunds iy verbs Creercreyendo Traer trayendo Oir oyendo -ir stem-changers: Only ou ei Servirsirviendo Dormirdurmiendo Estar estoy estás está estamos estáis están Present Participles: Drop the ending, and add: AR Verbs  ando (hablando) ER / IR Verbs  iendo (corriendo) Irregular Gerunds + *The action is happening right now, this second. Ex) I am reading  Yo estoy leyendo Ex) We are talking  Estamos hablando

Seguir + Gerund Tense Is a compound tense formed by combining the present tense of: Seguir (ei stem-changer & -GO verb) + Present Participle (a.k.a Gerund) Means “continue (keep) doing something” Irregular Gerunds iy verbs Creercreyendo Traer trayendo Oir oyendo -ir stem-changers: Only ou ei Servirsirviendo Dormirdurmiendo Seguir sigo* sigues sigue seguimos seguis siguen Present Participles: Drop the ending, and add: AR Verbs  ando (hablando) ER / IR Verbs  iendo (corriendo) Irregular Gerunds + *The action is happening continuously in the present. Ex) I continue reading  Yo sigo leyendo Ex) We keep talking  Seguimos hablando

Past Progressive Tense Is a compound tense formed by combining the past tense (imperfect) of: ESTAR + Present Participle (a.k.a Gerund) Means “was / were doing something” (ongoing in the past…typically gets interrupted by a Preterite action) Irregular Gerunds iy verbs Creercreyendo Traer trayendo Oir oyendo -ir stem-changers: Only ou ei Servirsirviendo Dormirdurmiendo Estar estaba estabas estábamos estabais estaban Present Participles: Drop the ending, and add: AR Verbs  ando (hablando) ER / IR Verbs  iendo (corriendo) Irregular Gerunds + *The action was happening (ongoing) in the past. Ex) I was reading  Yo estaba leyendo Ex) They were walking when they saw an accident  Ellos estaban caminando cuando vieron un accidente.

Preterite Tense Use the SIC BEES acronym Preterite is the “Past Tense” and is used for 1-time events that are complete. Sequence Interrupting Action Completed Beginning Ending Enclosed Time Specific AR VERBS é aste ó amos asteis aron ER & IR VERBS í iste ió imos isteis ieron

Preterite Tense FUJI GROUP Up, Patches!!! F (Ser & Ir) fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron U U-group Poner puse* Poder pudiste Andar anduvo* Tenertuvimos Cabercupisteis Haberhubieron Estarestuv Sabersup * = ar preterite endings in yo & él, ella, Ud. forms J *end in -cir Traducirtraduje Producirprodujiste Conducircondujo Decirdijimos Introducirintrodujisteis Traertrajeron* I Querer  Quis Venir  Vin Hacer  Hic / Hiz * Use same endings as U-group!

Preterite Tense OTHER IRREGULARS How romantic! Dar took Ver’s endings! Dar & Ver Di / Vi Diste / Viste Dio / Vio Dimos / Vimos Disteis / Visteis Dieron / Vieron iy verbs *all i’s need accents to force a separate syllable. *Will only iy change in Él, Ella, Ud. & Ellos, Ellas, Uds. (a.k.a. in the flip flop!) Leer leí leímos leíste leísteis leyó leyeron -IR Stem-Changers *Will only stem change in Él, Ella, Ud. & Ellos, Ellas, Uds. (a.k.a. in the flip flop!) *Only changes possible are: ou & ei Servir serví servimos serviste servisteis sirvió sirvieron Dormir dormí dormimos dormiste dormisteis durmió durmieron

Imperfect Tense Use the HAD TO SEW acronym Imperfect is the “Past Tense” and is used for repeated / ongoing actions in the past. Habitual Age Description Time Ongoing Simultaneous Emotions/Thoughts Weather AR VERBS aba abas ábamos abais aban ER & IR VERBS ía ías íamos íais ían

Present Perfect Tense Is a compound tense formed by combining the present tense of: HABER + Past Participle Means “Has / Have done something” Irregular Past Participles Roto Escrito Vuelto Visto Muerto Abierto Cubierto Puesto Hecho Dicho Haber he has ha hemos habéis han Past Participles: Drop the ending, and add: AR Verbs  ado (hablado) ER / IR Verbs  ido (corrido) + *The action happened in the past, but it still is (or can still affect) the present. Ex) I have eaten sushi  Yo he comido sushi Ex) We have played Halo  Hemos jugado Halo

Pluperfect Tense Is a compound tense formed by combining the past tense (imperfect) of: HABER + Past Participle Means “Had done something” Irregular Past Participles Roto Escrito Vuelto Visto Muerto Abierto Cubierto Puesto Hecho Dicho Haber había habías habíamos habíais habían Past Participles: Drop the ending, and add: AR Verbs  ado (hablado) ER / IR Verbs  ido (corrido) + *2 events happened in the past, but one event happened before the other. Cuando llegué a la estación, el tren ya había salido When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.