El presente perfecto

¿Qué es el presente perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

Por ejemplo… For example: I have played tennis. She has sung at weddings. We have flown in a plane.

Para formar in inglés To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” “I” is the subject “have” is the helping verb “been” is the past participle

Para formar en español In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example: Yo he bailado. I have danced. Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of haber hemos has ha han

Remember… How to form the past participle: For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido

Para formar… Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar: he estudiado hemos estudiado has estudiado ha estudiado han estudiado

Para formar… As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs) he hemos has ha han

…with the past participle of estudiar estudiado he hemos has habéis ha han

Now you try… On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar: he ________ hemos _______ has ________ ha ________ han ________

Is this what you came up with? he hablado hemos hablado has hablado ha hablado han hablado

Let’s try another… Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar: __ ________ ____ _______ ___ ________ _____ ________

Is this what you got? he tomado hemos tomado has tomado ha tomado han tomado

Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer: __ ______ _____ ______ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he comido hemos comido has comido ha comido han comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir: __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he ido hemos ido has ido ha ido han ido

Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:

Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caído creer → creído leer → leído oír → oído reír → reído traer → traído

Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto

More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho

¡Practicamos! Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1. ella / abrir Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado 3. Gonzalo / crecer Ha crecido

4. Tú y tus amigos / reír Han reído ó habéis reído 5. Mis padres / hacer Han hecho 6. Tus abuelos / cubrir Han cubierto 7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir Han escrito

IMPRIMIR IMPRESO

CUBRIR CUBIERTO

ABRIR  ABIERTO

ROMPER  ROTO

impreso Dicho cubierto Abierto Hecho Resuelto Visto Vuelto Escrito Muerto Puesto Roto