Para expresar los deseos y las esperanzas El Subjuntivo Para expresar los deseos y las esperanzas

To express wishes, hopes, desires and preferences of someone else's actions The Subjunctive is a mood and is frequently used to express an action that is desired but isn’t necessarily real or may or may not happen. The Indicative (present, preterite, imperfect, future…) is used to express actions that are, have or will definitely take place.

The subjunctive requires 2 subjects and “que” The sentence must have a main and a dependent clause. The verb in the main clause (indicative) calls for the need of the subjuntive in the dependent clause. The two must be connected by the conjunction “que”

ejemplos Mis padres quieren que yo reciba notas buenas. My parents want me to get good grades. Main clause: Querer in the present expressing want, 1st subject: parents Que connecting the clauses Dependent clause: Recibir in the subjunctive, 2nd subject: yo Why do we need the subjunctive?

Unfortunately, just because my parents want me to get good grades, that doesn’t mean that I will. They want = indicative because that is the definite statement of fact. I get = subjuntive because I may or may not get good grades, this is the unknown.

How do we form the subjunctive mood?

El Subjuntivo Start with the Yo form of the present tense Drop the –o of the first person singular of the present tense Hablo como vivo Habl- com- viv-

Add opposite endings -Ar -e -es -emos -éis en Er/Ir -a -as -amos -áis -an

Hablar Comer Vivir 1. Hablo Como Vivo 2. Habl- Com- Viv- 3. Opposite endings hable coma viva hables comas vivas hablemos comamos vivamos habléis comáis viváis hablen coman vivan

Irregular yo forms Remember there are many verbs with irregular yo forms in the present tense. ANY change or irregularity in the yo form of the present tense will also carry over into all the conjugations of the subjunctive. If it is in the yo form of the present tense it is in ALL the forms of the subjunctive

Examples Poner Conocer Traer Yo forms in present tense: Pongo Conozco Traigo To form the subjunctive we must take the yo form, drop the –o and add opposite endings…

Pongo Conozco Traigo Pong- Conozc- Traig- add opposite endings Ponga Conozca Traiga Pongas Conozcas Traigas Pongamos Conozcamos Traigamos Pongáis Conozcáis Traigáis Pongan Conozcan Traigan

Irregular yo forms/ go in the yo Verb: Yo present: Poner pongo Hacer hago Tener tengo Salir salgo Venir vengo Decir digo Oír oigo

Other irregular yo forms Conocer conozco Conducir conduzco Traducir traduzco Construir construyo

Stem changing verbs Pensar Perder Ar and Er verbs have same stem change in the present subjunctive as they do in the present tense…all forms except nosotros and vosotros (o;ue, e;ie, e;i) Pensar Perder Piense pierda Pienses pierdas Pensemos perdamos Penséis perdáis Piensen pierdan

Ir stem changing verbs Ir verbs that stem change in the present show the same stem change in the present subjunctive, but will also show a slight change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Dormir Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duermen

Sentir Servir Sienta Sirva Sientas Sirvas Sintamos Sirvamos Sintáis Sirváis Sientan Sirvan

Irregular present subjunctive verbs Dar Estar Ir Saber Ser

Dar Dé Demos Des Deis den

Estar Esté Estemos Estés Estéis esté Estén

IR Vaya Vayamos Vayas Vayáis vaya vayan

Saber Sepa Sepamos Sepas Sepáis sepa sepan

SER Sea Seamos Seas Seáis Sean

Practicamos

I want my friends to be happy Yo quiero que mis amigos estén felices.

My parents want me to do my homework Mis padres quieren que hago mi tarea.

Our teachers want us to study. Nuestros profesores quieren que estudiemos. ¡Por favor!