Beginning of year review Spanish 2

Saying the date Es el (number) de (month) Exception = The first of the month: “Es el primero de (month)” Examples: It’s May 5th. It’s New Year’s Day. Es el cinco de mayo. Es el primero de enero.

Time Telling time Formula = (Es la / Son las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + de la mañana/tarde/noche *optional To express “At a certain time” = A + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + de la mañana/tarde/noche *optional ` Examples: 1:10 pm __________________________________________________________ 8:30am __________________________________________________________ 7:15 pm __________________________________________________________ 9:45 am __________________________________________________________ Or_________________________________________________________ Es la una y diez de la tarde. Son las ocho y media de la mañana. Son las siete y cuarto de la noche. Son las nueve (y) cuarenta y cinco de la mañana. Son las diez menos cuarto de la mañana.

Definite and indefinite articles Definite article = “the” = el, la, los, las. Indefinite articles = “a, an, some” = un, una, unos, unas. These articles must match the nouns in number (singular/plural) and gender (masculine/feminine). Definite articles Singular Plural Masculine el los Feminine Indefinite articles Singular Plural Masculine Feminine un unos la las una unas

Subject pronouns Subject pronouns replace the name of the person doing the action in a sentence. In English they are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Spanish subject pronouns Singular Plural 1st person 2nd person Vosotros/as = you all familiar 3rd person Yo = I Nosotros/as = we Tú = you (familiar) Él = he Ellos = they Ella= she Ellas= they usted (Ud.)= you (formal) ustedes (Uds.) = you all

Ser The verb ser is one of two verbs in Spanish that translates as “to be”. Use ser in the following situations: The hour, day, and date Nationality Occupation Physical or character description Origin Possession Relationship of one person to another Certain impersonal expressions (It is possible, it is necessary, etc.) Where an event is taking place Essential qualities (Ice cream is cold.) The material something is made of (The door is metal.) “to be” English conjugations I am You are He, she, it is We are They are Estar = “to be”. To remember when to use ser or estar: How you feel and where things are is when you use estar. (Use ser for just about everything else!)

SER Nosotros(as) somos Yo soy Tú eres Él es Ellos son ella es Singular Plural 1st person I am = __________________ We are ____________________ 2nd person You (familiar) are ____________ Vosotros/as sois 3rd person He is =____________________ She is=____________________ You(formal) are =___________ it is=______________________ They (m) are=_______________ They (f) are=_______________ all of you are=______________ _ Nosotros(as) somos Yo soy Tú eres Él es Ellos son ella es Ellas son Ud. es Ustedes son es

TENER Nosotros(as) tenemos Yo tengo Tú tienes Él tiene Ellos tienen Singular Plural 1st person I have = ____________ We are ____________________ 2nd person You (familiar) are ____________ Vosotros/as sois Tenéis 3rd person He is =____________________ She is=____________________ You(formal) are =___________ it is=______________________ They (m) are=_______________ They (f) are=_______________ all of you are=______________ Nosotros(as) tenemos Yo tengo Tú tienes Él tiene Ellos tienen Ella tiene Ellas tienen Ud. tiene Ustedes tienen tiene

Possessive Adjectives Mi/s = my Tu/s = you (familiar) Su/s = his, her, their, your (formal), its Nuestro/a/s = our Mi amigo Mis amigos Nuestro libro Nuestras mochilas

Adjectives Adjective = A word that describes a person, place, or thing Adjectives in Spanish must match the noun in number and gender Adjectives are generally placed after the noun in the sentence. El carro verde Los carros verdes

Conjugating verbs?? Verb = what you do, are, or have Subject Infinitive Subject pronouns Conjugate the person/thing doing the action The verb with –ar, -er, or –ir unchanged (means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak) I you, he, she, we, they: yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, ellos, ustedes changing the verb to match the subject

(Or You/You all formal) Conjugating –ar verbs Take off the –ar ending. Hablar –> drop the -ar = habl (this is called the stem) Figure out who the subject is Yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros/as, ellos/as, ustedes Add the appropriate ending Example: HABLAR Singular Plural 1st person I / We 2nd Person You/You all Habláis 3rd person He/She/They (Or You/You all formal) o amos as áis hablamos hablo a an hablas habla hablan

Conjugating –er and –ir verbs Take off the –ar ending. Comer –> drop the -er = com (this is called the stem) Figure out who the subject is Yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros/as, ellos/as, ustedes Add the appropriate ending: -er verbs: -ir verbs: o, es, e, emos, en o, es, e, imos, en Example: VIVIR Singular Plural 1st person I / We vivo vivimos 2nd Person You/You all vives vivís 3rd person He/She/They (Or You/You all formal) vive viven Example: COMER Singular Plural 1st person I / We como comemos 2nd Person You/You all comes coméis 3rd person He/She/They (Or You/You all formal) come comen

Irregular verbs IR, DAR, and Estar Conjugations and translations To be To give Estar = ____________ Ir = __________ To go Dar = ____________ voy vamos doy damos estoy estamos vas das estás va van da dan está están

IR The verb ir and its conjugations are generally followed by “a” To say you are going to do something formula (form of ir) + a + (infinitive) To say you are going to some place formula (form of ir) + a + (article) + (noun) Contractions: _______ + _______ = ________ (to the, at the) _______ + _______ = ________ (of the, from the) Voy a estudiar vamos a la escuela a el al de el del

Estar Examples of Present Progressive Tense: How you feel and where things are is when you use estar. What you’re like, where you’re from, and everything else, is when you use the other one. (Ser) Estar is used for talking about health, feelings, location, emotions, & present progressive tense. Examples of Present Progressive Tense: (Form of ESTAR + -ar verb with –ando + -er/-ir verb with -iendo Estoy hablando. Estás comiendo. Estamos escribiendo.