Física de Semiconductores

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Física de Semiconductores Lección 3

Repaso Para electrones en x-y con un campo magnético en z

Predicción vs. experimento

Hamiltoniano En la formulación hamiltoniana, las ecuaciones de movimiento son Proponemos que el hamiltoniano para un electrón en un campo es

Verificación I En componentes,

Verificación II También Sumando:

Verificación III Pero o sea

Landau gauge

Ecuación de Schrödinger for

Ecuación de Schrödinger (cont 1)

Ecuación de Schrödinger (cont 2) Finalmente:

Ecuación de Schrödinger solución Proponemos Entonces

Schrödinger (sol. 2) Dividing by fg This can only be true if

Schrödinger (sol. 3) For f to be normalizable So that

Schrödinger (sol. 4) We can then rewrite the original equation as

Schrödinger (sol. 5) Proponemos otra separación de variables

Schrödinger (sol. 6)

Schrödinger (sol. 7)

Schrödinger (sol. 8) Define Then Let Then

Harmonic oscillator This means These are the Landau levels

Densidad de estados Algunas propiedades dependen de los autovalores a través de la energía: Entonces

Ejemplo: partícula libre Born von-Karman

Densidad de estados partícula libre

Density of states Landau levels We can define a density of states per Landau level as

Sumando sobre ky Apply periodic boundary conditions along y:

Densidad total

Electrones en 2D Si confinamos los electrones en 2D, tenemos para el estado fundamental Nivel de degeneración

Filling factor Si tenemos N electrones, podemos definir el filling factor como O sea que los plateaus ocurren cuando llenamos exactamente un nivel de Landau…

Agregando un campo eléctrico Proponemos Thus

Solución para u La ecuación final para u es

Corriente Since

Corriente en la dirección y But

Resistivity We just calculated with But

Método alternativo Podemos entonces agregar un potencial vector ficticio:

Transformación de gauge Hagamos

Corriente como derivada

Efecto del parámetro q Then the equation for u becomes Notice that for q = 1 the solutions are identical.

Flujo extra en el caso E≠0 Notice that for q = 1 the solutions are identical but energy changes. So this must be motion of charge to the right. Therefore

Corriente But Therefore