El Pretérito de los verbos
El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened is a completed action I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash.
The stem for regular verbs in the pretérito is the infinitive stem. Tomar tom- Hablar habl- Comer com- Beber beb- Abrir abr- Salir sal-
Pretérito endings for -ar verbs are: -é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron
Pretérito endings for –er / -ir verbs are: -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron
REMEMBER: accents on the “yo” form and the “él / ella / Ud.” form -ar / -ir “nosotros” form is the same in present and pretérito
Por ejemplo: (-ar verbs) tomar tomé tomaste tomó tomamos tomasteis tomaron
Por ejemplo: (-er / -ir verbs) comer comí comiste comió comimos comisteis comieron
Por ejemplo: (-er / -ir verbs) abrir abrí abriste abrió abrimos abristeis abrieron
SPELL-CHANGING VERBS Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form of the pretérito. buscar tocar practicar pagar jugar llegar almorzar empezar comenzar Verbs WITH DOUBLE VOWEL have a spelling change in the él/ellos forms of the pretérito.
SPELL-CHANGING VERBS 1. Change i y in III person singular and plural (including Ud. and Uds.) when the vowel i of the conjugated verb falls between two other vowels. Examples (double-vowel verbs): leer, creer, oír, caer… Leer le- + -ió leió (i y) leyó
SPELL-CHANGING VERBS 2. Change cqu (before e or i) in I person singular for verbs ending in –car Examples: practicar, calificar, explicar, etc. Practicar practic- + -é practicé (cqu) practiqué
Por ejemplo: (-car verbs) buscar busqué buscaste buscó buscamos buscasteis buscaron
SPELL-CHANGING VERBS 3. Change g gu (before e or i) in I person singular for verbs ending in –gar Examples: llegar, jugar, pagar, obligar, etc. Llegar lleg- + -é llegé (g gu) llegué
Por ejemplo: (-gar verbs) pagar pagué pagaste pagó pagamos pagasteis pagaron
SPELL-CHANGING VERBS 4. Change zc (before e or i) in I person singular for verbs ending in –zar Examples: comenzar, almorzar, empezar, especializar, etc. Comenzar comenz- + -é (zc) comencé
Por ejemplo: (-car verbs) comencé comenzaste comenzó comenzamos comenzasteis comenzaron
STEM-CHANGING VERBS Verbs ending in -ar and -er that change the stem in the present are regular in the preterit. Only -ir verbs change the stem in the preterit. Verbs that changed e>ie and e>i in the present change e>i in the preterit. Verbs that changed o>ue in the present change o>u in the preterit. These changes only occur in the third person singular and plural.
IRREGULAR VERBS IR/SER DAR fui fuimos di dimos fuiste fuisteis diste disteis fue fueron dio dieron
Strong stem irregulars: U verbs: Verb Translation Stem Andar walk anduv- Caber fit cup- Estar be estuv- Poder be able to pud- Poner put/place pus- Saber know info sup- Tener have tuv- -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -ieron
Strong stem irregulars: I verbs: Verb Translation Stem Hacer make/do hic-/hiz** Querer want quis- Venir come vin- **hiz—only for 3rd person singular -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -ieron
Strong stem irregulars: J verbs: Verb Translation Stem Decir say/tell dij- Traer bring traj- Conducir drive conduj- Producir produce produj- Traducir translate traduj- -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -eron HABER (auxiliary) Present ― hay (there is/there are) Preterit ― hubo (there was/there were)