El subjuntivo Using the subjunctive

Concepto Up until now all of the verbs we’ve used have been in the “indicative” mood. The indicative mood describes facts, events that occurred at some point in time (past, present or future) In contrast, the subjunctive describes the speaker’s feelings or attitudes toward an event, or when the speaker views an event as uncertain, unreal or hypothetical

El indicativo y el subjuntivo The difference between indicative and subjunctive moods can be seen in two English examples. He catches the bus at 5:00. Indicative I hope he catches the bus at 5:00. Subjunctive She studies hard. Ind. I suggest that she study hard. Subj.

Subordinate clauses Subjunctive sentences generally contain a subordinate clause and a main clause. A clause is a subject and verb combination acting as part of a sentence. A subordinate clause begins with a relative pronoun such as “that” “and can’t stand on its own as a complete thought. I suggest that she study hard. Main clause subordinate clause. The subjunctive conjugation is found in the subordinate clause of a sentence. While the emotion/desire/uncertainty is expressed in the main clause.

En español In Spanish, the subjunctive is used more frequently than in English. The indicative is used when the main clause expresses certainty or knowledge. (facts) Sé que hablas bien el español. Creo que puedes ayudarme. The subjunctive is used when the main clause expresses uncertainty, hope, desire or an emotion. Dudo que hables bien el español No creo que puedas ayudarme

Present subjunctive verb endings To form the present subjunctive, add the following endings. -AR -ER -IR Yo hable coma viva Tú hables comas vivas Él hable coma viva Nosotros hablemos comamos vivamos Ellas hablen coman vivan.

Yo… These endings are added to the “yo” form of the verb. Verbs with “irregular yo´s” such as “conocer”, “traer” and “decir” carry the yo pattern throughout the subjunctive conjugation. Conozco conozca, conozcas, conozcamos Traigo traiga, traigas, traigan, traigamos Digo diga, digamos, digan, digas Hago haga, hagas, hagamos, hagan

Stem Changing Verbs -ar and –er stem changing verbs undergo the same change in the subjunctive as in the present tense. Piensa piense Entiendo entienda Vuelven vuelvan Recordamos recordemos

Stem changing verbs cont´d In stem changing verbs that end in –ir, e changes to i (e-ie, e-i) and the o changes to u in the “nosotros”(and vosotros) form only. Dormir Duerma Durmamos Duermas Durmáis Duerma Duerman Mentir Mienta Mintamos Mientas Mintáis Mienta Mientan

Irregular subjunctive verbs Dar dé, des, dé, demos, den Estar esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Saber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan Ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean Ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan

Práctica Create a sentence using the main clause “dudo que” and changing the verbs in the subordinate clause to the subjunctive. Dudo que… Los niños se despiertan temprano Elena trabaja mucho Alfredo viene antes de las seis. Nos dormimos en esta cama. Me traes las llaves correctas.