Sistema circulatorio en el reino animal

Hemolymph in sinuses surrounding organs Heart Anterior vessel Ostia Tubular heart An open circulatory system. Lateral vessel A closed circulatory system. Auxiliary hearts Ventral vessels Dorsal vessel (main heart) Small branch vessels in each organ Interstitial fluid Heart

PECES Capilares Branquia ANFIBIOS Lung and skin capillaries REPTILES (EXCEPTO AVES) Lung capillaries MAMIFEROS Y AVES Lung capillaries Branquia circulacion Heart: Ventricle (V) Atrium (A) Arteria Vena Circulación sistémica Systemic capillaries Systemic circuit Pulmocutaneous circuit Right Left A A V A V A V Systemic capillaries Right Left Pulmonary circuit Right systemic aorta V A V Systemic capillaries RightLeft Pulmonary circuit A Systemic circuit Left systemic aorta circuitos sistémicos incluyen todos los tejidos del cuerpo excepto los pulmones. Tenga en cuenta que los sistemas circulatorio aparecen como si el animal está frente a usted: con el lado derecho del corazón se muestra a la izquierda y viceversa. Systemic circuits include all body tissues except lungs. Note that circulatory systems are depicted as if the animal is facing you: with the right side of the heart shown at the left and vice-versa.

Branquia Celoma Pie tubo Estrella de mar Branquia Parapodia Gusano marino Branquia Scallop Branquia Cangrejo de rio

Endotelio Músculo liso Tejido conectivo Capillary 100 µm Basement membrana Endotelio Músculo liso Tejido conectivo Válvula Arteria Arteriola Venula Vena Arteria Vena

Capillaries and larger vessels (SEM) 20 µm Capillary Red blood cell 15 µm Tissue cell Capillary Net fluid movement out INTERSTITIAL FLUID Net fluid movement in Direction of blood flow

Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Chloride Bicarbonate Osmotic balance, pH buffering, and regulation of membrane permeability Plasma 55% Constituent Major functions Water Solvent for carrying other substances Ions (blood electrolytes) Albumin Osmotic balance, pH buffering Plasma proteins Fibrinogen Immunoglobulins (antibodies) Clotting Defense Nutrients (such as glucose, fatty acids, vitamins) Waste products of metabolism Respiratory gases (O 2 and CO 2 ) Hormones Substances transported by blood Cellular elements 45% Cell typeNumber Functions per µL (mm 3 ) of blood 5–6 million Transport oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide Leukocytes (white blood cells) 5,000–10,000 Defense and immunity Monocyte Basophil Eosinophil Lymphocyte Neutrophil Platelets Blood clotting 250,000– 400,000 Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Separated blood elements SANGRE

Aurícula derecha Posterior vena cava Pulmonary veins Vena cava anterior Arteria pulmonar Venas pulmonares Right ventricle Aorta Semilunar valvula Atrioventricular valve Pulmonary artery Left atrium Semilunar valve Atrioventricular valve Left ventricle

vena cava anterior arteria pulmonar Capilares del pulmón derecho Aorta Vena pulmonar Aurícula derecha Ventrículo derecho vena cava posterior Los capilares de órganos abdominales y las extremidades posteriores Vena pulmonar Ventrículo izquierda Aurícula izquierda Aorta arteria pulmonar Los capilares de cabeza y extremidades anteriores Capilares del pulmón izquierdo