SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT BASIC RULES Forming Sentences & Using Plurals

How is a sentence different in Spanish? 1. Gender of nouns & adjectives  Alto/alta, perezoso/peresoza, amigo/amiga, alumno/alumna 2. Placement of adjectives  Usually AFTER nouns  La amiga seria (the friend serious) 3. Placement of negative (no)  Yo no soy americano. (I no am american) Subject/verb agreement  Match male/female and singular/plural.  El amigo bajo. (everything is singular, masculine).

Modelo de Frases Practice this model: Subject + verb + adjective  Ex: Yo soy alto.  Ex: Tu eres bajo.  Ex: Ella es bonita. Subject + negative + verb + adjective  Ex: Yo no soy americana.  Ex: Ella no es perezosa. What else can you say?

Adjectives USUALLY after Nouns How do I know where to put an adjective (describing word)? Colors: These come after the noun. Examples: La flor roja, the red rose; la Casa Blanca, the White House. Adjectives indicating membership or classification: These include adjectives of nationality and various types of affiliation and nearly always come after the noun. Note that such adjectives aren't capitalized in Spanish. Examples: La mujer ecuatoriana, the Ecuadoran woman; el sacerdote católico, the Catholic priest; el restaurante japonés, the Japanese restaurant; el juez demócrata, the Democratic judge.

Adjectives USUALLY after Nouns Adjectives modified by an adverb or phrase: These come after the noun. (Adverb: modifies a verb, noun, or other adverb. Ex: well, quickly, full. Usually answers “How?” “To what extent?”) Examples: La taza llena de agua, the cup full of water; el libro muy interesante, the very interesting book; la computadora bastante buena, the quite good computer. Multiple adjectives: When two or more adjectives of similar importance describe something, they go after the noun. Example: La casa grande y cara, the big and expensive house.

Plurals…¡más de uno! Page 52 – Sustantivos, Articulos, y adjectivos en el plural.  Describing more than one In Spanish, the plural of most nouns means adding an “s”  Ex: amigo / amigos  Ex: muchacha/ muchachas If you change a noun (amigo, alumno, muchacha) you must also change the article.  el = losla = las  un = unosuna = unas

¡Práctica! Change these nouns to Plural:  El muchacho  La amiga  Una escuela  El colegio  Un curso Change these nouns and adjectives to Plural:  El muchacho alto  La amiga americana  Un alumno tímido  Una amiga rubia

¡Practica! ¿Cómo se dice…en español?  The interesting book  A blonde girl  The tall and funny teacher (male)  The american student (female)  The serious and hardworking student (male)  A very serious friend (female)  The good school

Plurals…más de uno! To form the plural of an adjective (and it’s noun) that ends in o, a, or e, you simply add “s” to the end.  Ex: alumno serio= alumnos serios  Ex: muchacha interesante= muchachas interesantes To form the plural of an adjective that ends in a consonant (NOT an o, a, or e), add “es” to the end.  Ex: clase dificil = clases dificiles  Ex: lengua facil = lenguas faciles

Repaso (Review) When you are forming a plural sentence, you must change ALL of the following:  Article (el/los….la /las….un/unos….una/unas)  Noun (amigo/amigos.alumna/alumnas...profesor/profesores)  Adjective (serio/serios….fácil/faciles….alta/altas)  Verb (see next slide…we’ll go over plural of “ser”)

Plural de Ser Write this on your paper:  Yo(I) Nosotros/Nosotras (We)  Tú (You, informal)  Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/You) Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They/You all)  Tu – you, informal, singular  Usted – you, formal, singular  Ustedes – you, formal, plural (may see abbreviated Uds.)  Nosotros/Nosotras – we, use if YOU are included. If  Ex: Felipe and I are tall. I am included in this statement, so I will use the nosotros form.

Plural de Ser Yo soyNosotros/Nosotros somos Tú eres Él/Ella/Usted es Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son _____________________________________ Nosotros is “we”….used when a male is included. (More common) Nosotras is “we”….used when only females included. Ellos is “they”….used when a male is inlcuded. Ellas is “they”….used when only females included. Ustedes is “You all”…used when talking to more than one person. Gender does not matter.  Ex: If speaking to Kate & Jake: Ustedes son ambiciosos. You are hardworkers.

What person and verb form would you use? 1. I am 2. We (I, Kyle, and Jane) are 3. You all are 4. They (Dorrien and Tyler) are 5. We (I, Ashely and Ally) are 6. You are 7. He is

¡Práctica! How do you say these sentences in Spanish? Make sure everything is changed to plurals!! 1. You all are very tall. 2. They (males) are serious and timid. 3. We (males & females) are Americans. 4. They (females) are honest and generous.

¿Preguntas?