Pretérito

English Usage ~ Used for actions that can be viewed as single events. ~ Actions that were repeated a specific number of times ~ Actions that occurred during a specific time. ~ Actions that were part of a chain of events. ~ Also Used to state the beginning or the end of an action.

Preterite usage in English Examples: They arrived at 8 o’clock. They arrived at 8 o’clock. Yesterday I wrote three letters Yesterday I wrote three letters We lived there for four years. We lived there for four years. She got up, dressed, and left the house. She got up, dressed, and left the house. It began to snow at 8 in the morning. It began to snow at 8 in the morning. She walked through the park. She walked through the park.

Conjugaciones -Ar Verbs Yo Yo Tú Tú Él, Ella, Usted Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros Nosotros Vosotros Vosotros Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes é aste aste ó amos amos asteis asteis aron aron

Conjugaciones -Er Verbs Yo Yo Tú Tú Él, Ella, Usted Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros Nosotros Vosotros Vosotros Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes í iste iste ió ió imos imos isteis isteis ieron ieron

Conjugaciones -Ir Verbs (Same as –Er verbs) Yo Yo Tú Tú Él, Ella, Usted Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros Nosotros Vosotros Vosotros Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes í iste iste ió ió imos imos isteis isteis ieron ieron

Irregulares Irregulares Irregular verbs- Irregular verbs- In each specific Conjugation there are “outlaw” like verbs that don’t follow the rules of that conjugation.

Irreulares: Ser y Ir Irreulares: Ser y Ir –Yo –Tú –Él, Ella, Usted –Nosotros –Vosotros –Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Ustedes Fui Fui Fuiste Fuiste Fue Fue Fuimos Fuimos Fuisteis Fuisteis Fueron Fueron

Irregulares: Dar y Hacer Irregulares: Dar y Hacer Dar Dar Yo- Di Yo- Di Tú- Diste Tú- Diste Él, Ella, Usted- Dio Él, Ella, Usted- Dio Nosotros- Dimos Nosotros- Dimos Vosotros- Vosotros- Disteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- Dieron Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- Dieron Hacer Hacer Yo- Hice Tú- Hiciste Tú- Hiciste Él, Ella, Usted- Hizo Él, Ella, Usted- Hizo Nosotros- Hicimos Nosotros- Hicimos Vosotros- Hicisteis Vosotros- Hicisteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- Hicieron Hicieron

Irregulares: -ar, -er, -ir verbs -ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs. -ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs. -ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense do change in the preterite, but in a different way. They change e:i and o:u in the third person, singular and plural. -ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense do change in the preterite, but in a different way. They change e:i and o:u in the third person, singular and plural.

Irregulares: Examples, -er Irregulares: Examples, -er Present: Present: Entender Entender Entiendo Entiendo Entiendes Entiendes Entiende Entiende Entendemos Entendemos Entendéis Entendéis Entienden Entienden Preterite: Preterite: Entender Entender  Entendí  Entendiste  Entendió  Entendimos  Entendisteis  Entendieron

Irregulares: Examples, -ar Irregulares: Examples, -ar Present:Cerrar Cierro Cierro Cierras Cierras Cierra Cierra Cerramos Cerramos Cerráis Cerráis Cierran CierranPreterite:Cerrar   Cerré   Cerraste   Cerró   Cerramos   Cerrasteis   Cerraron

Irregulares: Examples, -ir Present:Preferir Prefiero Prefieres Prefiere Preferimos Preferís PrefierenPreterite:Preferir   Preferí   Preferiste  Prefirió  Preferimos  Preferisteis  Prefirieron

Irregulares: Orthographic Changes In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change orthographically (spelling) in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only: In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change orthographically (spelling) in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only: -gar changes g to gu -gar changes g to gu -car changes c to qu -car changes c to qu -zar changes z to c -zar changes z to c

Orthographic Examples: -gar Orthographic Examples: -gar Jugar- ( Yo ) Jugué Jugar- ( Yo ) Jugué Llegar- ( Yo ) Llegué Llegar- ( Yo ) Llegué Other common verbs include: Other common verbs include:  Cegar  Colgar  Pagar  Plegar  Regar  Vagar  Tragar  Vagar  Rogar

Orthographic Examples: -car Buscar – ( Yo ) Buscar – ( Yo ) Busqué Clasificar – ( Yo ) Clasificar – ( Yo ) Clasifiqué Other Common verbs include: Other Common verbs include:  Aparcar  Clarificar  Destacar  Empacar  Justificar  Practicar  Sacar  Tocar

Orthographic Examples: -zar Almorzar – ( Yo ) almorcé Almorzar – ( Yo ) almorcé Empezar – ( Yo ) Empecé Empezar – ( Yo ) Empecé Other common verbs include: Other common verbs include:  Autorizar  Cazar  Comenzar  Cruzar  Forzar  Organizar  Simbolizar  Tropezarse

…More factors in conjugation For verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, and - oer, the él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) and the third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i." For verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, and - oer, the él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) and the third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i."

Examples: Creer Creer  Creí  Creíste  Creyó  Creímos  Creísteis  Creyeron Other Verbs Include: Other Verbs Include:  Caer  Leer  Oír  Poseer  Proveer  Roer Exceptions: Exceptions:  Traer  Atraer  Distraer

Irregulares: Decir and Ver Decir  Dije  Dijiste  Dijo  Dijimos  Dijisteis  Dijeron Ver  Vi  Viste  Vio  Vimos  Visteis  Vieron

Irregulares: Traer Traer  Traje  Trajiste  Trajo  Trajimos  Trajisteis  Trajeron Others like Traer: Others like Traer:  Atraer  Detraer  Distraer  Extraer  Maltraer  Retraer  Sustraer …See a Pattern? …See a Pattern?

Irregulares: -ucir verbs Example: Producir  Produje  Produjiste  Produjo  Produjimos  Produjisteis  Produjeron Others in this Category: Others in this Category:  Aducir  Conducir  Coproducir  Deducir  Inducir  Introducir  Reducir  Traducir

Stem Changers! A number of verbs that are irregular in the preterite follow a particular pattern. While their stems change, they all take the following endings: A number of verbs that are irregular in the preterite follow a particular pattern. While their stems change, they all take the following endings:  -e  -iste  -o  -imos  -isteis  -ieron

The Stem Changers… Infinitive:  Andar  Estar  Tener  Caber  Haber  Poder  Poner  Saber  Hacer  Querer  Venir Stem Change:  Anduv-  Estuv-  Tuv-  Cup-  Hub-  Pud-  Pus-  Sup-  Hic-  Quis-  Vin-

Stem Change Examples: Estar ( Estuv- )  Estuve  Estuviste  Estuvo  Estuvimos  Estuvisteis  Estuvieron Sab ( Sup- )  Supe  Supiste  Supo  Supimos  Supisteis  Supieron

AR Verb Example 1 She talked with her friend yesterday. Ella habló con su amiga ayer.

AR Verbs Example 2 The girl bought a necklace today. La chica compró un collar hoy.

AR Verbs Example 3 I swam at three o’clock yesterday. Nadé a las tres ayer.

Er/Ir Verb Example 1 Today, I ate a lot of pizza. Hoy comí mucha pizza.

Er/Ir Verbs Example 2 We prefered to swim after lunch. Preferimos nadar despues de almuerzo.

Er/Ir Verbs Example 3 He wrote her many letters. Él le escribió muchas cartas.

Irregular verbs Example 1 We went to the beach today. Fuimos a la playa hoy.

Irregular Verbs Example 2 They gave me a gift for my birthday. Ellos me dieron un regalo para mi cumpleaños

Irregular Verbs Example 3 I was a teacher for 2 years. Fui una profesora por dos años.

Yo form of gar changes g to gu I played volleyball yesterday. Jugué voleibol ayer.

Yo form of car changes c to qu Today I took out the garbage. Hoy saqué la basura.

Yo form of zar changes z to c I organized my locker today Organicé el armario hoy.

The c in decir changes to j I told her the truth. Le dije la verdad.

Stem Changing Verb Example 1 I had to go to school today. Tuve que ir a la escuela hoy.

Stem Changing Verb Example 2 I set the table. Puse la mesa.

Stem Changing Verb Example 3 I wanted to play soccer. Quise jugar futbol.