Objectives Define imperialism, expansionism, and annex Identify lands America annexed between political systems 8.04 geography 8.06 literacy in S.S. Today, you will…

Objectives Identify and summarize the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War 8.01 political systems 8.03 events, individuals Today, you will…

Objective: To examine the causes of the Spanish – American War. The Battleship Maine

Pan-American Union – a group of nations organized to solve the problems of the Western Hemisphere

Lola Rodríguez de Tió Lola Rodríguez de Tió – Puerto Rican poet that wrote patriotic poems in favor of Puerto Rican and Cuban independence from Spain War With Spain

La tierra de Borinquen donde he nacido yo es un jardín florido de mágico primor. Un cielo siempre nítido le sirve de dosel y dan arrullos plácidos las olas a sus pies. Cuando a sus playas llegó Colón exclamó lleno de admiración, "¡Oh! Esta es la linda tierra que busco yo". Es Borinquen, la hija, la hija del mar y el sol del mar y el sol, del mar y el sol del mar y el sol, del mar y el sol. AudioAudio: as sung by Graciela Rivera The land of Borinquen, where I was born, is a flower-garden of magical brilliance. An ever-clear sky is its canopy, and the waves sing lullabies at its feet. When Columbus reached these beaches, full of awe he exclaimed, "Oh! this is the lovely land that I seek." Borinquen is the daughter of the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. Puerto Rican National Anthem: La Borinqueña, by Manuel Fernández Juncos

Despierta, borinqueño que han dado la señal! Despierta de ese sueño que es hora de luchar! A ese llamar patriótico no arde tu corazón? Ven! Nos será simpático el ruido del cañon. La Borinqueña, by Lola Rodríguez de Tió Arise, Puerto Rican! the call to arms has sounded! Awake from this dream, it is time to fight! Doesn't this patriotic call set your heart alight? Come! We are in tune with the roar of the cannon. The poem “La Borinqueña” was originally written by Lola Rodriguez de Tió in However, the Puerto Rican government thought the lyrics were too revolutionary to be used for the national anthem. Therefore, alternative lyrics written by Manuel Fernández Juncos were later used. Here is the original poem, along with the English translation.

Mira, ya el cubano libre será; le dará el machete su libertad... le dará el machete su libertad. Ya el tambor guerrero dice en su son, que es la manigua el sitio, el sitio de la reunión, de la reunión, de la reunión. El Grito de Lares Come, the Cuban will soon be free; the machete will give him his liberty... the machete will give him his liberty. Now the war drum says with its sound, that the jungle is the place of the meeting, of the meeting... of the meeting.

se ha de repetir, y entonces sabremos vencer o morir. Bellísima Borinquen, a Cuba hay que seguir; tu tienes bravos hijos que quieren combatir. ya por mas tiempo impávido no podemos estar, ya no queremos, tímidos dejarnos subyugar. The Cry of Lares must be repeated, and then we will know: victory or death. Beautiful Puerto Rico must follow Cuba; you have brave sons who wish to fight. Now, no longer can we be unmoved; now we do not want timidly to let them subjugate us.

Nosotros queremos ser libre ya, y nuestro machete afilado esta y nuestro machete afilado esta. Por que entonces, nosotros hemos de estar, tan dormidos y sordos y sordos a esa señal? a esa senil, a esa senil? We want to be free now, and our machete has been sharpened... and our machete has been sharpened. Why then have we been so sleepy and deaf and deaf to the call? There is no need to fear, Puerto Ricans, the roar of the cannon; saving the nation is the duty of the heart. No hay que temer, riquenos al ruido del canon, que salvar a la patria es deber del corazón!

ya no queremos déspotas, caiga el tirano ya, las mujeres indómitas también sabrán luchar. Nosotros queremos la libertad, y nuestros machetes nos la dará... y nuestro machete nos la dará. Vámonos, borinqueños, vámonos ya, que nos espera ansiosa, ansiosa la libertad. La libertad, la libertad! We no longer want despots, tyranny shall fall now; the unconquerable women also will know how to fight. We want liberty, and our machetes will give it to us... and our machete will give it to us. Come, Puerto Ricans, come now, since freedom awaits us anxiously, anxiously freedom. freedom! freedom!

José Martí - Cuban patriot that wrote about the need for Cuban independence. He died fighting the Spanish in Listen to La Guantanamera, Cuba's most famous song, based upon Jose Martí's poem Versos Sencillos.La Guantanamera Versos Sencillos José Martí

José Martí - Quotations On Liberty: “Like bones to the human body, the axle to the wheel, the wing to the bird, and the air to the wing, so is liberty the essence of life. Whatever is done without it is imperfect.” On Morality and Human Behavior: “Just as he who gives his life to serve a great idea is admirable, he who avails himself of a great idea to serve his personal hopes of glory and power is abominable, even if he too risks his life. To give one's life is a right only when one gives it unselfishly.”

General Valeriano WeylerGeneral Valeriano Weyler – Spanish governor of Cuba that used brutal tactics against the Cubans. He was responsible for detaining over 500,000 Cubans and killing over 100,000. * Americans sympathized with the Cuban desire for freedom.

- Joseph Pulitzer’s World and William Randolph Hearst’s Journal competed to publish the most grisly stories of Spanish cruelty. Yellow Journalism (left) Joseph Pulitzer and (right) William Randolph Hearst

bold headlines and articles Examples of Yellow Journalism:

· political cartoons that portrayed the Spanish as bloodthirsty.

· Joseph Pulitzer once stated, “You supply me the photos, I’ll supply you the war.”

- President McKinley, however, wanted to avoid war with Spain.

Remember the Maine! · President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American citizens and property.

· An explosion destroyed the Maine killing 260 U.S. sailors.

· Spain was accused of destroying the Maine, even though it has never been proven. · On April 25, 1898, Congress declared war on Spain. VideoVideo - wreckage of the battleship Maine VideoVideo - burial of the Maine victims Roosevelt Fights in Spanish American War (3:20)

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