SPA212 Capítulo 12 Guía de Estudio. Es importante estudiar todo el vocabulario del capítulo once (páginas 394/¨expansión¨ y 417)

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SPA212 Capítulo 12 Guía de Estudio

Es importante estudiar todo el vocabulario del capítulo once (páginas 394/¨expansión¨ y 417)

The Past Participle (pág. 391) 1. The past participle can be used as an adjective. Los documentos están archivados en la memoria USB. (noun) (adj.) 2. In English, it is usually the –ed or –en form of the verb. In Spanish, the regular participle is formed by adding –ado to the stems of -ar verbs and –ido to the stems of –er and –ir verbs. Grabar-to recordgrabado - recorded Encender-to turn onencendido - turned on Servir-to serveservido – served 3. A written accent is used with the vowel combinations: ai, ei, or oi. Creído - believed, leído - read, oído - heard, traído - brought

VERBS WITH IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES (p. 391) abrirabiertoopened (des)cubrir(des)cubierto(dis)covered decirdicho said escribirescritowritten hacerhechomade, done iridogone morirmuertodead ponerpuestoput, placed romperrotobroken vervistoseen volvervueltoreturned

Remember to make the past participle agree with the noun it´s describing (if it´s used as an adjective) El documento está abierto. La tienda está abierta. Los documentos están abiertos. Las tiendas están abiertas.

THE PRESENT PERFECT (p. 394) Form of HABER + Past Participle = The present perfect Haber = To have (auxiliary verb) (yo) HE (nosotros) HEMOS (tú) HAS (vosotros) HABÉIS (él, ella, Ud.) HA (ellos, ellas, Uds.) HAN ¿Has comido la hamburguesa? Have you eaten hamburger? No, no la he comido todavía. No, I haven´t eaten it yet.

Please note, TENER and HABER are not interchangeable. TENER is used with possession, but HABER is only used before the past participle. Tengo tres hermanos. I have three siblings. He visto la película cien veces. I have seen the film one hundred times.

Up until now, you´ve been using present simple or forms of the verb ¨ir¨ + infinitive to talk about the near future. ¿Qué haces esta tarde? What are you doing/going to do this afternoon? Voy a comer en un restaurante con mi novio. I´m going to eat in a restaurant with my boyfriend/fiancé. ¿Me ayudas? Will you help me? Claro que te ayudo. Of course I´ll help you.

In addition, you can use The Future Tense (p. 404) In order to form the future tense, add the following endings to the infinitive: (yo) -É (nosotros) -EMOS (tú) -ÁS (vosotros) -ÉIS (él, ella, Ud.) -Á (ellos, ellas, Uds.) -ÁN Hablaré con Héctor la semana que viene. I will talk to Hector next week. Comeremos a las seis de la tarde. We will eat at 6pm.

Sometimes, we use the future tense to imply ¨probably¨, ¨can¨, ¨may¨, ¨must¨, ¨I wonder¨, etc: ¿Dónde estará Juan? I wonder where Juan is! (Where might Juan be?) Estará con su novia. He´s probably with his girlfriend. ¿Qué hora será? I wonder what time it is! (What time might it be?) Serán las doce. It must be around twelve.

The Conditional Tense (p. 407) The conditional expresses an action that depends on another. Like the future tense, the endings are added onto the whole infinitive. (yo) -ÍA (nosotros) -ÍAMOS (tú) -ÍAS (vosotros) -ÍAIS (él, ella, Ud.) -ÍA (ellos, ellas, Uds.) -ÍAN ¿Qué harías con un millón de dólares? What would you do with a million dollars? ¡Te daría todo a ti! I would give it all to you! Nos dijeron que no contaminarían el agua. They told us (that) they wouldn´t pollute the water.

Irregular Stems for the Future and Conditional Tenses p. 407 Decirdir-diría, dirías, … Hacerhar-haría, harías, … Haberhabr-habría, habrías, … Poderpodr-podría, podrías, … Quererquerr-querría, querrías, … Sabersabr-sabría, sabrías, … Ponerpondr-pondría, pondrías, … Salirsaldr-saldría, saldrías, … Tenertendr-tendría, tendrías, … Venirvendr-vendría, vendrías…

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