Grammar 3 The preterite tense The imperfect tense

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1 Grammar 3 The preterite tense The imperfect tense
Using the imperfect and preterite together The imperfect continuous Click on arrows to move to the required section. On the last slide of each section, you will find a purple menu button in the bottom left hand corner which will return you to this slide.

2 The preterite tense 1 The PRETERITE tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. It is used: 1. in telling stories and for non descriptive events. 2. to recount a list or series of completed actions in the past. 3. to describe actions in the past which happened only once. 4. to describe actions that went on but finished in the past. It is the most useful and used of the past tenses but also has the most irregularities! It is recognised by the English I did something. Examples: Llamé por teléfono a las nueve. I rang at nine. Me levanté temprano. I got up early. Viví cinco años en Madrid . I lived in Madrid for five years.

3 The preterite tense 2 -AR endings -ER / -IR endings -é -aste -ó -amos
There are two sets of regular endings to learn: 1. -AR 2. -ER/ -IR As with other tenses you have to: 1. take the infinitive 2. take off the infinitive ending 3. add the endings for the tense. -AR endings -ER / -IR endings -é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron Notice the ‘we’ ending in –AR and –IR verbs is the same as in the present Tense. More detailed conjugations and exercises follow.

4 The preterite tense 3 Regular -AR verbs. hablar = to speak / talk habl
é I spoke, I did speak. You spoke, you did speak. aste He /she/ it spoke, did speak. ó amos We spoke, we did speak. asteis You spoke, you did speak. Endings appear one by one on mouse click. aron They spoke, they did speak.

5 The preterite tense 4 Regular -AR verbs.
Choose 3 of the verbs below and write them out in full: aceptar = to accept cantar = to sing llorar = to cry amar = to love charlar = to chat mirar = to look at arreglar = to fix dibujar = to draw pagar = to pay ayudar = to help entrar = to go in pescar = to fish bajar = to go down ganar = to win saltar = to jump bailar = to dance lavar = to wash tocar = to touch llenar = to fill viajar = to travel Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 1. Yo (ayudar) ________ en casa. 2. Las chicas (bailar) ________ en la discoteca. 3. Nosotros (cantar) ________ en la clase de música. 4. Vosotras (entrar) ________ en el cine para ver la película. 5. Tú (ganar) ________ un premio en la lotería, ¿verdad? 6. Mi padre siempre (pescar) ________ en el río. 7 Ana (viajar) ________ a los Estados Unidos el año pasado. 8. Yo (llenar) ________ una cesta con manzanas. 9. Mi hijo (dibujar) ________ muy bien en su examen de arte. Yo (ayudar) ayudé en casa. Las chicas (bailar) bailaron en la discoteca. Nosotros (cantar) cantamos en la clase de música. Vosotras (entrar) entrasteis en el cine para ver la película. Tú (ganar) ganaste un premio en la lotería, ¿verdad? Mi padre siempre (pescar) pescó en el río. Ana (viajar) viajó a los Estados Unidos el año pasado. Yo (llenar) llené una cesta con manzanas. Mi hijo (dibujar) dibujó muy bien en su examen de arte. Answers appear all at once on mouse click.

6 The preterite tense 5 Regular -ER verbs. comer = to eat com í
I ate, I did eat. iste You ate, you did eat. ió He / she / it ate, did eat. imos We ate, we did eat. isteis You ate, you did eat. Endings appear one by one on mouse click. ieron They ate, they did eat.

7 The preterite tense 6 Regular -ER verbs.
Practise saying or writing out these other verbs. beber = to drink leer = to read correr = to run meter = to put coser = to sew vender = to sell deber = to owe ver = to see Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 1. Mis amigos (beber) ________ café con leche toda la noche. 2. Mi tía (coser) ________ muchos vestidos. 3. Yo (correr) ________ para coger el autobús. 4. Los chicos (meter) ________ la ropa en el armario. 5. Tú (leer) ________ el reportaje en el periódico. 6. Los supermercados (vender) ________ de todo. 7. Luis me (deber) ________ mucho dinero. 8. Los alumnos (ver) ________ un programa muy bueno. 1. Mis amigos (beber) bebieron café con leche toda la noche. 2. Mi tía (coser) cosió muchos vestidos. 3.Yo (correr) corrí para coger el autobús. 4. Los chicos (meter) metieron la ropa en el armario. 5. Tú (leer) leiste el reportaje en el periódico. 6. Los supermercados (vender) vendieron de todo. 7. Luis me (deber) debió mucho dinero. 8. Los alumnos (ver) vieron un programa muy bueno. Answers appear all at once on mouse click.

8 The preterite tense 7 Regular -IR verbs. ABRIR= to open
I opened, I did open. abr í iste You opened, you did open. ió He / she / it opened, did open. imos We opened, we did open. isteis You opened, you did open. Endings appear one by one on mouse click. ieron They opened, they did open.

9 The preterite tense 8 Regular -IR verbs.
Practise saying or writing out these other verbs. Like ABRIR batir = to beat escribir = to write cubrir = to cover permitir = to allow recibir = to receive Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 1. Mi madre (batir) ________ los huevos para hacer una tortilla. 2. Los obreros (cubrir) ________ los agujeros en la carreterra. 3. Yo (recibir) ________ muchos regalos el día de mi cumpleaños. 4. Elena (escribir) ________ a sus amigas de la universidad. 5. El guardia me (permitir) ________ pasar. 1. Mi madre (batir) batió los huevos para hacer una tortilla. 2. Los obreros (cubrir) cubrieron los agujeros en la carreterra. 3. Yo (recibir) recibí muchos regalos el día de mi cumpleaños. 4. Elena (escribir) escribió a sus amigas de la universidad. 5. El guardia me (permitir) permitió pasar. Answers appear all at once on mouse click.

10 The preterite tense 9 Irregular verbs.
The first group of irregular verbs are only slightly irregular as they show spelling changes in the first person singular only. There are three types: 1. Verbs which end in –GAR change to GUÉ 2. Verbs which end in –CAR change to QUÉ 3. Verbs which end in –ZAR change to CÉ jugar = to play jugué I played jugaste you played jugó he she it played jugamos we played jugasteis you played jugaron they played cruzar = to cross crucé I crossed cruzaste you crossed cruzó he / she it crossed cruzamos we crossed cruzasteis you crossed cruzaron they crossed explicar = to explain expliqué I explained explicaste you explained explicó he she it explained explicamos we explained explicasteis you explained explicaron they explained

11 The preterite tense 10 Irregular verbs.
The following verbs work in the same way. Can you write out three of them in full? apagar = to put out acercarse = to approach cazar = to hunt cargar = to load atacar = to attack empezar = to begin descargar = to unload buscar = to look for organizar = to organize entregar = to hand over secar = to dry rezar = to pray llegar = to arrive pescar = to fish utilizar = to use navegar = to sail chocar contra = to crash into pagar = to pay sacar = to take out regar= to water marcar = to score a goal, dial a number

12 The preterite tense 11 Irregular verbs.
Some spelling changes occur in the 3rd person of a limited number of verbs which do not have a spelling change in any other person. Verb st person 3rd person 3rd person singular singular plural caer = to fall caí cayó cayeron creer = to believe creí creyó creyeron leer = to read leí leyó leyeron oír = to hear oí oyó oyeron destruir = destruí destruyó destruyeron to destroy construir = construí construyó construyeron to build

13 The preterite tense 12 Spelling change verbs. 1. o > ue verbs
Unlike the present tense in which the spelling change verbs change in four persons, in the preterite tense the changes only affect two of the three types and occur in the 3rd person only. 1. o > ue verbs The most common verbs affected here are dormir(se) and morir(se). DORMIR(SE) dormí durmió durmieron MORIR(SE) morí murió murieron Pedro durmió bien en su tienda. Se durmió en seguida. Pedro slept well in his tent. He went to sleep at once. El soldado casí murió de risa. Al día siguiente se murió en la batalla. The soldier nearly died of laughter. The next day he died in the battle.

14 The preterite tense 13 The second spelling change group involves -IR verbs. 2. e > i verbs PEDIR pedí pidió pidieron En el restaurante Paco pidió tortilla de jamón. Paco asked for ham omelette in the restaurant. Mis amigos pidieron una paella enorme. My friends ordered an enormous paella.

15 The preterite tense 14 What would the third person singular and plural be for each of the verbs below? despedirse de = to say goodbye to divertirse = to enjoy oneself hervir = to boil pedir = to ask for preferir = to prefer rendirse = to surrender repetir = to repeat seguir = to follow sentir = to feel, to be sorry servir = to serve vestirse = to get dressed se despidió se despidieron se divirtió se divirtieron hirvió hirvieron pidió pidieron prefirió prefirieron rindió rindieron repitió repitieron siguió siguieron sintió sintieron sirvió sirvieron se vistió se vistieron Answers appear one by one on mouse click.

16 The preterite tense 15 PONER = to put
The last group of irregular verbs in the preterite tense is easy once you have learnt the first person singular! PONER = to put There are no accents on these verbs. Just learn the first person and then put the endings on the new stem. The endings are almost the same as for regular –er and –ir verbs. Can you spot the differences? puse I put pusiste You put puso He / she / it put pusimos We put pusisteis You put pusieron They put

17 The preterite tense 16 Verbs which follow the same pattern as poner:
Verb stem st person andar - to walk anduv anduve estar - to be estuv estuve obtener - to obtain obtuv obtuve tener - to have tuv tuve hacer - to do hic hice poder - to be able pud pude saber - to know sup supe suponer - to suppose supus supuse venir - to come vin vine querer - to love/want quis quise conducir - to drive conduj conduje traer - to bring traj traje producir - to produce produj produje decir - to say dij dije Endings -e -iste -o -imos -isteis -ieron Note: hacer has a different stem in the 3rd person singular - hizo

18 Some very important verbs!
The preterite tense 17 Some very important verbs! hacer = to do / make hice I did / I made hiciste You did / you made hizo He / she / it did / made hicimos We did / we made hicisteis You did / you made hicieron They did / they made estar = to be estuve I was estuviste You were estuvo He / she / it was estuvimos We were estuvisteis You were estuvieron They were ser = to be ir = to go I was fui I went You were fuiste You went He / she / it was fue He / she / it went We were fuimos We went You were fuisteis You went They were fueron They went Notice ser and ir have the same parts

19 The preterite tense 18 estar, ir, hacer and ser
Practise using the preterite of estar, ir, hacer and ser by writing out these sentences in Spanish. Yesterday I went to the cinema. It was a fantastic film. Before I went I did my homework. He was a great soldier and a wonderful father. My grandfather went to Australia in 1960. They went to the hairdresser’s. The boys made their beds for the first time! The bank was in the middle of the town, then they moved it. I went to the match and my friend was there. It was a great day and the weather was very good. Answers follow on the next slide.

20 The preterite tense 19 estar, ir, hacer and ser 1. Ayer fui al cine.
2. Fue una película fenomenal. 3. Antes de ir hice los deberes. 4. Fue un gran soldado y un padre maravilloso. 5. Mi abuelo se fue a Australia en mil novecientos sesenta. 6. Fueron a la peluquería. 7. ¡Por primera vez los chicos hicieron sus camas! 8. El banco estuvo en el centro de la ciudad, luego lo movieron. 9. Fui al partido y mi amigo estuvo allí. 10. Fue un día fantástico e hizo muy buen tiempo. The answers to the previous exercise.

21 The preterite tense 20 ¿Puedes describir un día típico de tu vida?
Los verbos que tienes que cambiar aparecen en rojo. Por la mañana me levanto temprano, a las 6:00 para abrir la cafetería, para recibir los repartos, para limpiar la cocina y preparar el desayuno para los clientes que vienen de las oficinas de al lado. Las dos camareras preparan las mesas y se preparan a recibir a la gente. Servimos el desayuno y los platos combinados todo el día y la gente viene en grupos. A veces no hay muchos clientes en la cafetería pero cuando la gente quiere comer o tomar un café parece que todos llegan al mismo tiempo. Por la tarde cuando hay menos gente, yo como pero no es una gran comida porque siempre hay clientes a servir y no hay mucho tiempo libre, aun con dos camareras, mi esposa y los que friegan los platos. Por la tarde siempre vienen muchos clientes y turistas a comer y a tomar copas. A veces tengo que ayudar en la cocina o servir a los clientes. En invierno me puedo ir a la cama a las 23:00 horas, pero en verano me voy a la cama a las dos de la madrugada. Es duro pero me gusta el trabajo y me recompensa. Por la mañana me levanté temprano, a las 6:00, para abrir la cafetería, para recibir los repartos, para limpiar la cocina y preparar el desayuno para los clientes que vinieron de las oficinas de al lado. Las dos camareras prepararon las mesas y se prepararon a recibir a la gente. Servimos el desayuno y los platos combinados todo el día y la gente vino en grupos. A veces no hubo muchos clientes en la cafetería pero cuando la gente quiso comer o tomar un café pareció que todos llegaron al mismo tiempo. Por la tarde cuando hubo menos gente, yo comí pero no fue una gran comida porque siempre hubo clientes a servir y no hubo mucho tiempo libre, aun con dos camareras, mi esposa y los que fregaron los platos. Por la tarde siempre vinieron muchos clientes y turistas a comer y tomar copas. A veces tuve que ayudar en la cocina o servir a los clientes. En invierno me pude ir a la cama a las 23:00 horas, pero en verano me fui a la cama a las dos de la madrugada. Fue duro pero me gusta el trabajo y me recompensó. A challenging exercise, where pupils change the present to the preterite. Answers appear all at once on mouse click. menu

22 The imperfect tense 1 The imperfect tense is used to talk about the past. Whereas the preterite describes a single completed action in the past, the imperfect tense... describes something that happened frequently or regularly in the past. is used for descriptions in the past, such as describing what the weather was like or giving your opinion of something you did. tells us what something used to be like. describes something that went on for a long period of time.

23 The imperfect tense 2 This tense is used in four different ways:
1. To describe actions, people or things in the past. 2. To describe an action that started in the past and was going on or continued in the past. 3. To describe actions that used to be done frequently in the past. 4. To describe thing(s) which were going on in the past before another event started. The imperfect tense translates any of the following English clue words or phrases: I was eating We were talking. I used to eat She was an interesting teacher.

24 The imperfect tense 3 Main uses of the imperfect.
1. General descriptions in the past. Example: La casa era enorme. The house was enormous. Describing what the weather was like. Example : Ayer, hacía sol. Yesterday it was sunny. Giving your opinion of something you did. Example: Comí pollo, era muy rico. I ate chicken, it was delicious.

25 The imperfect tense 4 2. Saying what something used to be or would be like. Examples: Cuando era joven, comía muchos caramelos. When I was young, I used to eat lots of sweets. Cuando visitábamos a nuestros parientes nos daban regalos y revistas. When we used to visit our relatives they would give us presents and magazines. Both of these examples describe things and events that were repeated in the past.

26 The imperfect tense 5 3. Describing something that happened frequently or regularly in the past. Examples: Cuando tenía 10 diez años, hacía natación dos veces por semana. When I was 10 years old, I went swimming twice a week. Durante mis vacaciones del verano pasado me levantaba temprano, desayunaba e iba a la playa. During my holidays last summer I used to get up early, have breakfast and go to the beach.

27 4. Describing something that went on for a long period of time.
The imperfect tense 6 4. Describing something that went on for a long period of time. Examples: Cuando era joven, vivía en el campo y teníamos dos gatos. When I was young, I lived in the country and we had two cats. Cuando íbamos al campo podía nadar en el río y dar un paseo. When we went to the country I could swim in the river and go for a walk.

28 The imperfect tense 7 5. Was…doing and were…doing
If you want to translate was or were doing something, you must use the imperfect tense. These are the clue phrases that help you identify the tense and mean you must use the imperfect tense. Examples: Hacía los deberes cuando mi madre regresó a la casa. I was doing my homework when my mother came home. Jugábamos al fútbol cuando empezó a llover. We were playing football when it started to rain.

29 The imperfect tense 8 Regular verbs.
The imperfect tense is quite easy to form and has very few irregular parts. There are only two sets of endings to learn and only three irregular verbs. Formation of the imperfect tense Take the following steps: 1. Take the infinitive of the verb you wish to use. 2. Take off the -AR, -ER or -IR. 3. Add the endings. -AR endings: -aba -abas -aba -ábamos -abais -aban. -ER / IR endings -ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían.

30 The imperfect tense 9 All regular -AR verbs are formed in the following way: HABLAR= to speak / talk habl aba I talked, I was talking, I used to talk. abas You talked, you were talking, you used to talk. aba He / she / it talked, was talking, used to talk. ábamos We talked, we were talking, we used to talk. Endings appear one by one on mouse click. abais You talked, you were talking, you used to talk. aban They talked, they were talking, they used to talk

31 The imperfect tense 10 All regular -ER and -IR verbs are formed in the following way. COMER = to eat com ía I ate, I was eating, I used to eat. ías You ate, you were eating, you used to eat. ía He / she / it ate, was eating, used to eat. íamos We ate, we were eating, we used to eat. Endings appear one by one on mouse click. íais You ate, you were eating, you used to eat. ían They ate, they were eating, they used to eat.

32 The imperfect tense 11 abr ABRIR= to open ía
I opened, was opening, I used to open. ías You opened, were opening, you used to open. ía He / she/ it / opened, was opening, used to open. íamos We opened, we were opening, we used to open. íais You opened, you were opening, you used to open. ían They opened, they were opening, they used to open.

33 The imperfect tense 12 The good news about the imperfect tense is that all of the verbs except three are regular. The three irregular verbs are SER, IR and VER. IR = to go iba I went, used to go. ibas you went, used to go. iba he / she / it went, used to go. íbamos we went, used to go. ibais you went, used to go. iban they went, used to go. SER = to be era I was, used to be. eras you were, used to be. era he / she / it was, used to be. éramos we were, used to be. erais you were, used to be. eran they were, used to be. VER = to see veía I saw, used to see. veías you saw, used to see. veía he / she / it saw, used to see. veíamos we saw, used to see. veíais you saw, used to see. veían they saw, used to see. leer = to read also does this. leía I read, used to read Each of the three verbs appear one at a time on mouse click, written out in full.

34 The imperfect tense 13 To summarise:
The imperfect tense is used for descriptions in the past and the meaning of the imperfect tense can change according to context and use. (Yo) Iba a Madrid. Could mean: 1. I went to Madrid Repeated action. 2. I was going to Madrid. Action begun in past and probably going to be interrupted by another event. 3. I used to go to Madrid. Frequent action 4. I would go to Madrid Frequent action

35 The imperfect tense 14 Change the verb in brackets to the imperfect tense. 1 Yo (ir) ___a menudo al centro de la ciudad. 2 Tú no (levantarse) ___________ nunca antes de las doce. 3 Ana (telefonear) __________ a su madre cada día. Yo (comer) _____ cuando el teléfono sonó. Nosotros (jugar) _________ al fútbol en el parque. Vosotras (comer) _______ ensalada con todas las comidas. Ella (bañarse) _________ cuando alguien llamó a la puerta. 8 El niño siempre (abrir) ____ la nevera. 9 Roberto nunca (escoger) ______ el mismo libro que María. Yo (leer) ___ el mapa mientras mi padre (conducir)________. 11 (Empezar) _________ a nevar cuando nos pusimos en camino. 12 Nosotros siempre (llegar) _________ temprano. iba te levantabas telefoneaba comía jugábamos comíais se bañaba abría Answers appear one by one on mouse click. escogía leía conducía Empezaba llegábamos menu

36 Using the imperfect and preterite together
These two past tenses are often used together especially for stories or narratives in the past. Look at these examples and try to use the tenses in a similar way. Examples: Cuando miré por la ventana llovía. When I looked out of the window it was raining. Leía cuando el teléfono sonó. I was reading when the telephone rang. In each of these sentences: the verb in the preterite describes a single, completed action. (2) the verb in the imperfect describes an action which was already going on and which was interrupted by another action. menu

37 Notice that you still use the present participle.
The imperfect continuous 1 The same kind of verb construction can be used with the imperfect tense to describe continuous actions in the past. This time the English phrase you are describing is: was doing something. Example: I was eating. Estaba comiendo To form the imperfect continuous in Spanish you need two parts: (1) The imperfect tense of the verb to be ESTAR. (2) The present participle of the verb you are emphasising. Notice that you still use the present participle.

38 The imperfect continuous 2
How to form the imperfect continuous tense. comer = to eat I was eating Estaba comiendo Now practise saying and writing out these verbs: ABRIR HABLAR You were eating Estabas comiendo He / she / it was eating Estaba comiendo We were eating Estábamos comiendo You were eating Estabais comiendo They were eating Estaban comiendo

39 The imperfect continuous 3
¿Sabes cambiar estos verbos del presente al imperfecto progresivo? Juan y Ana estaban bebiendo café con leche en la cafetería. Anita estaba poniendo la mesa para ayudar a su madre. Hoy estaba lloviendo a cántaros, no acaba. Nosotros estábamos leyendo revistas en la clase de ciencias. Los camareros estaban sirviendo a muchos clientes hoy. El gato estaba durmiendo en el jardín. Los niños estaban jugando al fútbol en el parque. María estaba vistiéndose en su dormitorio. Mi madre estaba viendo su telenovela preferida en la tele. Yo estaba aprendiendo el español en el instituto. Vosotras estabais cantando en el coro. El cliente estaba pidiendo la cuenta. Juan y Ana beben café con leche en la cafetería. Anita pone la mesa para ayudar a su madre. Hoy llueve a cántaros, no acaba. Nosotros leemos revistas en la clase de ciencias. Los camareros sirven a muchos clientes hoy. El gato duerme en el jardín. Los niños juegan al fútbol en el parque. María se viste en su dormitorio. Mi madre ve su telenovela preferida en la tele. Yo aprendo el español en el instituto. Vosotras cantáis en el coro. El cliente pide la cuenta. menu