De la Preparación a la Prevención

Presentación del tema: "De la Preparación a la Prevención"— Transcripción de la presentación:

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2 De la Preparación a la Prevención
Taller andino de intercambio de experiencias sobre la integralidad del riesgo

3 DG de Ayuda Humanitaria de la Comisión Europea (ECHO)
Expresión de solidaridad del pueblo europeo Valores y Principios: humanidad, solidaridad, imparcialidad, independencia y neutralidad Trabaja con alrededor de 180 organizaciones (agencias de Naciones Unidas, el movimiento de la Cruz Roja/Media Luna Roja y ONGs) Presupuesto anual +/- 550 millones de euros

4 El Mandato de ECHO Salvar y preservar vidas humanas en situaciones de emergencia y en el período inmediatamente posterior a la crisis, en conflictos causados por el hombre y en desastres de origen natural. Prestar apoyo a obras de rehabilitación y reconstrucción a corto plazo, a fin de que las víctimas recuperen un nivel mínimo de autosuficiencia, teniendo en cuenta, siempre que sea posible, los objetivos de desarrollo a largo plazo. Asegurar la capacidad de respuesta en caso de catástrofe natural, mediante sistemas de alerta temprana y la financiación de proyectos de preparación ante catástrofes en regiones de alto riesgo. Prestar ayuda a personas víctimas de una crisis de más larga duración (p.ej. conflictos armados).

5 4to Plan de Acción para la Comunidad Andina
DIPECHO La cooperación de la Comisión Europea hacia una Reducción de riego de desastres en la región Andina Apoyo a la prevención de desastres en la Comunidad Andina PREDECAN

6 DIPECHO hace énfasis en la preparación (capacitación, sensibilización, sistemas de alerta temprana, facilitación de la coordinación, planes de emergencia ...) y a pequeña escala, obra de mitigación con carácter demostrativo. Comunidad (actores principales de DIPECHO) Institucionalidad (actores principales de PREDECAN) PREDECAN hace énfasis en la prevención - mitigación (fortalecimiento institucional, sistemas de información, conocimiento sobre el riesgo, la planificación, educación) GR

7 Apoyo de la CE a la RRD PREVENCION MITIGACION DIPECHO PREDECAN
PREPARACION PREDECAN MITIGACION PREVENCION

8 REDUCCION DE RIESGO DE DESASTRES
Capacidad de enfrentar Amenazas Vulnerabilidades Riesgo (+) Riesgo (-) Lo que se puede Perder y que se Deber proteger DIPECHO PREDECAN

9 Programa DIPECHO Disaster Preparedness of ECHO
Producto de la Coordinación y de una Proceso de Consulta regional Tipo de actividades prioritarias en preparación Proyectos replicables Enlace entre la preparación – mitigación prevención

10 DIPECHO 4 Región Andina 15 proyectos Presupuesto Total: 5.300.000 €
Cruz Roja Es Cruz Roja Fr PNUD reg 15 proyectos 11 nacionales 2 regionales 2 bi-nacionales CAFOD UK FICR reg CISP It COOPI It Presupuesto Total: € Financiamiento por parte de la CE: € CARE NL BI-Nat OPS BI-Nat AAA OIM OXFAM UK COOPI It CARE Nl Medicus Mundi Es

11 Líneas DIPECHO Apoyo a infraestructura para planes de contingencia (albergues de emergencia, tanques de agua, vía de evacuación…). Infrastructure support Import to be considered in Response General: Participation of the community (control, identification and proposals)/empowerment/not in parts and including a post maintenance/to begin from the needs and communitarian reality/consider and rescue the local capacities/ traditional practices + technical contribution and link the community with scientific skills/ involve the institutional sectors. The selection of the infrastructure type must correspond to the priorities identified in the contingency plan. Refuge and accommodations: to respond to the communitarian reality, link refuge-lodgment-permanent communitarian space. Not only infrastructure is considered but also access. It’s important to link technical with communitarian. Operations Center: It must be permanent. Spaces must by appropriately adequate for this purpose. Promote the communication systems when there are no early alarm systems, Reserves Center: Not temporary but permanent (with a stock depending on needs) and considering existing local capacity (or improving it). Services: Continuity and able to respond in short and middle term needs (water and roads). To give priority to interventions towards basic services in case of emergency. Upgrading or renovation of storage facilities Rehabilitation of evacuation routes, facilitation of access to emergency shelters, etc. (including small bridges) Refurbishment of health care posts, temporary shelters for evacuated population Sign-posting of evacuation routes Non-structural rectification/improvement Communication systems (if not included in an early warning system) Basic services for emergency response (water and sanitation etc.) Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: The impact of the event is evident; some activities can be easily included. After a revision of the contingency plan some corrective measures can be taken in order to reinforce vital structures like: Water supply system, sanitation in the key spots Infrastructure (reinforcement of refuges, health centre,… ) Access to the key infrastructure, evacuation road.

12 Líneas DIPECHO Cabildeo y Sensibilización Pública
Advocacy and public awareness raising Medias: involving/increase awareness to all levels/agreements for permanent diffusion Advocacy: public debates and studies socialization/to know the perception of risk at a political level for the involving strategy/communitarian participation in ordinance proposals Messages: Messages respecting culture and local language/revision of existing didactic material before producing new one/ gender approach Strategies: Innovative awareness campaigns/ Technical boards with different actors/approach between scientific communities and communities with a shared language/socialize projects for a communitarian acceptation/permanent diffusion in communitarian radios/to design interventions according to strategic actors (interests and functions)/socialization of good practices through the medias and compilation of existing material/awareness campaigns in schools (contests and simulations ) to form youth leadership and imply the youth in awareness and information campaigns/more work with the private sector To integrate marketing strategies and promote new and more effective strategies. Awareness campaigns for involving the communication Medias into risk themes. Diffusion materials and brochures adapted to environment or local reality Awareness campaigns, street plays, songs etc. Radio spots, public campaigns Implication of the print media, e.g. articles published in newspapers and magazines Exhibitions Advocacy with donors and government(s) Materials: leaflets, posters, billboards, brochures etc. Peer-to-peer awareness, conferences, seminars, symposiums, workshops Investigation on Risk Perception Training workshops for the media, journalists … Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: To include these activities in the response is not recommended, if partners don’t have a solid experience in DRR*, *Disaster Risk Reduction

13 Líneas DIPECHO Obras de mitigación a pequeña escala con carácter demostrativo y/o replicables (muros de contención, obras de protección en orillas de ríos...). Small Mitigation Works Import to be considered in Response General: Chose and concerted with communities and local authorities/ involving local actors in diagnosis, design and construction/use of local workers – “to learn doing it”/motivate communities with participation certificates/ It’s important to relate mitigation works with protection of vital services, especially with water sources, identified with contingency plans. Technical: Recuperation of traditional mitigation steps/use of local materials promoting population’s action/application of earthquake resistant measures Others:. Opportunity to manage more funds, to develop a synergy. Systematization and diffusion of appropriate technologies in mitigation works. Consider water management in all kind of projects Building protection walls along river banks with community participation (including design and supervision) Small-scale drainage and irrigation works Reforestation/plantation Preventive action against soil erosion Structural mitigation in “safe places” identified in emergency plans (increase resistance to disasters of hospitals and other health care centres, of water supply systems, etc.) Soil studies/management. Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: The impact of the event is evident; some activities can be easily included. After a revision of the contingency plan priorities some corrective measures can be included in the response : All the activities mentioned above can be considered.

14 Líneas DIPECHO Mapeo y digitalización de la información
Mapping and data computerization Maps: elaboration and validation with communities/socialization and data in a simple way/use of the GIS in risk mapping/to generate norms that support continuity to events monitoring/communities have access to results and maps, making possible a permanent actualization/mapping as a source of training and in an adequate presentation for it’s diffusion. Computerized data: To create, feedback and use (ej. Desinventar) data bases of geo referenced disaster occurrence, linking the national statistics center in the construction of a database for risk management. General: Socialization strategies: disposal of involved institutions at all levels, including communitarian/pilot programs and coordination with municipalities/compilation of existent info. Include universities in studies and mapping Dissemination of final products. (It must not be an isolated result in a preparation project). Technical studies compatible with the popular knowing. To promote the homogenization and standardization of data bases. Data collection, surveys for risk mapping purposes: VCAs , PRAs , hazard, risk, vulnerability mapping etc. Statistics, data bases Feasibility studies – baseline, research and case studies Development of mapping software and training on its use, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Printing, distribution, dissemination of collected data/maps, regional operational emergency response maps Dissemination of final products Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: It can be a good opportunity to update maps or to elaborate new ones based in the observation of the impact of the event.

15 Líneas DIPECHO Educación Formal 01.08.05 Education
To train and give tools to educators/organization of educators for giving a response to emergencies and parental participation in implementation/school is projected in risk management education to parents and other actors with the appropriate technologies/permanent pedagogy for prevention culture. Curriculum: integrate Disaster reduction approach/adequate materials and contents to the geographical reality/sustained support at a primary level Pedagogical innovation and projects: take into account cultural background/methodological training innovation/emergency plans and school brigades/pilot programs and use of techniques/games at schools / To form in first instance the educators Educational infrastructure: Assure emergency equipment. Design and production of training materials for school children Training of teachers and pupils Emergency plan at school level Simulations conducted at school level Education of students on basic services in emergency situations Awareness in "prevention culture" for youth and children Link with professionals (engineers, experts in prevention and mitigation, scientists….) Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: After the occurrence of an event, persons are concerned about disaster, and if there is some material available, some activities can be included such as: Revision of the Emergency plan at school level. Replacement of emergency equipments.

16 Líneas DIPECHO Sistemas de Alerta Temprana Conocimiento del Riesgo
Servicio de Alerta Red de Difusión Capacidad de Respuesta Early warning systems Involve the community in the vigilance, improve capacity and equal communication systems/sustainability: economic and technical access for communities/must integrate community, local and municipal governments (monitoring stations in a participative way)/EWS according to reality (with indicators, results of popular knowledge) and population skills for simple reading technologies/simulations and assurance of free communication to emergency phone numbers Information canales: Improve ways and mechanisms from scientific organizations towards people, media, decision makers and operative organizations/communication systems in a daily basis. General: Systematization and diffusion of appropriate technologies for EWS. If all the components are not considered this must not be contemplated (monitoring, diagnosis, alert service, mechanisms for alert diffusion and response capacity). Link between communitarian and scientific EWS. Reviving and/or strengthening of traditional, existing local knowledge of EWS and/or adapting or developing user-friendly, understandable and locally appropriate systems Technical studies conducted specifically to set up an EWS (e.g. hydrological study) Monitoring systems (e.g. installation of rain gauges and hydrometric scales, including the training of beneficiaries on their use) Alert services (e.g. ensuring free access to information, dissemination of warnings from the national to community levels with special attention to disabled people, women and children; alert instruments, exchange mechanism between scientists and exposed communities…) Communication network (e.g. installation of radio networks and training beneficiaries on their use, use of local radio stations, etc…) Simulation exercises Information campaigns Training of early warning systems operators Regional and bi-national exchange of EWS technical expertise adapted to the Andean region .

17 Líneas DIPECHO Investigación y Diseminación
Research and dissemination Investigation: take into account history of events for learning about disasters/rescue of traditional agricultural practices and detection of climatic changes/new technologies according to local reality/focus on local risk and response to actors demand/social investigation in order to produce social and environmental indicators for preparing the communities/investigation of new technologies/articulate thematic of risk management and development/systematize knowledge and experience of population over risk indicators/promote local projects as a validation of solution to regional problematic/reduce the technical component in project application/adequate tools (DENA) to local reality/ Support of the technical scientific approach to the population in general/ Investigation and studies about risk perception/Involve universities in the investigation of the disaster theme Results dissemination: in a simple language/presentation and public debate of studies and investigation/dialogue spaces and socialization through media Actors: University, students and schools involved/source of local and scientific technicians/cooperation and dialogues between scientific institutions, population and technicians which promote participative investigation/technical studies made by locals and adjusted to local reality. Support the creation of web pages for dissemination Promote the production of documents in electronic formats for the exchange with virtual regional and/or national libraries. Technical studies whose results are to be used in local planning for zoning purposes Organization of workshops/seminars aimed at the dissemination of project results Technical/scientific conferences Technical surveys Systematization of lessons learned and best practices Dissemination materials (catalogues, brochures…) Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: A comprehensive analysis of the impact of the events can help for a better DRR integration in the rehabilitation process.

18 Líneas DIPECHO Facilitación de la coordinación
Facilitation of coordination Multidisciplinary and permanent equipment functioning: community, state organizations and civil society/concerted plans/spaces settlement (authorities and communities)/strengthening of local emergency committees/work with inter institutional coordination and support, involving public and private sector/encourage coordination between binational and regional Civil Defense/strengthening of communitarian Civil Defense (CD) brigades/exchange between national and sub national institutions concerning state investment in risk areas/strengthen communication between ECHO new projects with an intermediate seminar/exchange and communication between institutions about plans and projects/definition of responsibilities: action ambit of each response entity and its articulation. Inter-institutional fora/meetings/mechanisms, synergies among key stakeholders Support to Information Resource Centres Scientific documentation and dissemination among existing projects/partners Work with sectorial groups National platforms, national networks Regional cooperation Standardization of use of materials (e.g. use of SUMA, EDAN, SPHERE, etc.) Development of interactive products Exchange between projects

19 Líneas DIPECHO Fortalecimiento Institucional
Institutional strengthening Roles and responsibilities of each local actor/technical areas for project evaluation and approval/consolidate a continuing relation of communities and institutions/engagement of communitarian, municipal, regional entities for sustainability and cooperators follow up/incorporate disaster risk reduction in municipal development politics and plans/assessment for local and sectorial plans in preparation and prevention/articulation and settlement between public and private actors, local government and NGO’s/technicians that live together with communities for having a better response to local needs Project: promote sustainability ways for the projects/integral approach projects/projects must be a part of development programs/ development approaches included in projects Projects Managing: involve to the local governments and beneficiaries, link to en on going experiences and existent organizations for no generating parallel process/ensure that the executor entity count with skills and local and institutional recognition. Evaluation and follow up: generation and application of methodologies and/or evaluation systems, following and impact/projects must generate concrete additional benefits for the community (prevention + employment) Other criteria: Stages definition/gender considerations, transport and accessibility conditions. Take into account the influence of the political context and electoral process. Lessons learned exchange is a contribution for institutional strengthening. Training of decision-makers at different levels on disaster preparedness/disaster reduction (including municipalities, civil protection...) Training of health authorities on humanitarian supplies management tools Training of fire brigades on search and rescue procedures Training of medical staff in mass casualty management Provision of rescue kits and first aid emergency kits Support to the sectional Red Cross and or local fire brigades (development/delivery of rescue kits, first aid emergency kits etc.) Support to training centres Training and information materials for local authorities, health care centres, other relevant institutions Delivery of scientific equipment for institutions involved in disaster preparedness and disaster reduction.

20 Líneas DIPECHO Capacitación y Desarrollo de capacidades locales.
Local capacity building/training Import to be considered in Response Articulated to development themes, prevention plans included in development plans/acknowledge the response capacity of the community before launching formation campaigns/strengthen communitarian response capacities before developing any formation/formation campaign/strengthen communitarian and Civil Defense capacity/follow and collection of information about the community through municipal Emergency Operational Comity’s. Local formation: Formation model based in past experiences, rescue of communitarian knowledge and adequate it to local reality/formation of the population, starting with children/simulations, common curriculum for volunteers/practical, integral, continual and sustainable formation/strengthen capacities in subjects of basins management, trash management and social support networks/look for the support of private institutions. The formation materials must be adequate and validated for each type of target groups. First aid kits must be designed according to the health system and be a part of the contingency plan. To form health brigades Simulations must not be reduced to evacuation process. Developing coping mechanisms as defined by the communities’ own assessment of their capacities and vulnerabilities (i.e. food, health, water&sanitation, basic shelter….) Participative consultation/elaboration of local disaster preparedness strategies/contingency plans Community mobilization focussing on women, resource mobilization Coordination with national disaster management and prevention systems, building alliances Promoting good practices Support in the organization and training of local emergency committees Design and elaboration of local contingency plans, community disaster preparedness plans Community resilience improvement Training on local knowledge and coping mechanisms etc. Training of community facilitators Training of community emergency brigades Training on first aid, search and rescue Rescue kits, first aid emergency kits… Facilitate production of and free access to material (population, local authorities) Simulation exercises Community risk mapping and dissemination (auto-mapping) Observation concerning integration of DP in emergency response: After the occurrence of an event, persons are concerned about disaster, and if there is a contingency plan, some activities can be included such as: Revision of local contingency plans, community disaster preparedness plans Revision of response map. Replacement of emergency equipments. More activities can be considered for DRR experimented partners.

21 DIPECHO - CISP Escenario de aplicación
Colombia: Proyecto DIPECHO “Fortalecimiento de la capacidad local de prevención y reducción de desastres en el Departamento del Quindío” – 2003. Ecuador: Proyecto DIPECHO “Reducción de la vulnerabilidad frente a riesgos de inundación en las Provincias de Manabí y Los Ríos” – 2005. Honduras: Proyecto DIPECHO “Fortalecimiento local/municipal en la prevención y gestión de riesgos de desastres en el Departamento de Gracias a Dios” – 2006. Ecuador: Proyecto DIPECHO “Fortalecimiento de capacidades locales de preparación para desastres en la costa ecuatoriana, cantones Sucre y San Vicente” – 2007.

22 Identificación de peligros o amenazas
Identificación de áreas con mayor grado de amenaza Generación de insumos Técnicos y metodológicos Preparativos para desastres Planes de emergencia y contingencia Apoyo para la realización de Acciones de prevención y mitigación

23 MODELO OPERATIVO DE RESPUESTA
Herramientas metodológicas para facilitar las labores de preparación y respuesta de las instituciones y comunidades ORGANIZACIÓN MODELO OPERATIVO DE RESPUESTA PLANIFICACIÓN COORDINACIÓN

24 MODELO OPERATIVO DE RESPUESTA
Corresponde a la organización institucional y su estructura funcional para la preparación y atención de emergencias: COMPONENTES Unidades de coordinación Áreas o divisiones de trabajo Comisiones o secciones

25 ESTRUCTURA DEL MODELO OPERATIVO
COE Centro de comando Sala de Operaciones INFRAESTRUCTURA Y SERVICIOS SALVAMENTO PMU SALUD SEGURIDAD ASISTENCIA SOCIAL Unidades de coordinación Áreas o divisiones de trabajo

26 Guía para la incorporación de la Gestión del riesgo en la planificación
Herramienta metodológica que orienta sobre la manera de utilizar los insumos técnicos disponibles para labores de reducción de riesgos

27 Procesos de desarrollo, sin considerar la variable riesgo
Generación y acumulación de vulnerabilidades Aumento del riesgo de desastre Sensibilización de actores locales respecto a la importancia de abordar el tema de la reducción del riesgo, y de establecer líneas de acción que permitan desarrollar en forma paralela las actividades de preparación y prevención. Procesos de desarrollo, considerando la variable riesgo Gestión compensatoria: reducción y control de las amenazas y vulnerabilidades Existentes Gestión prospectiva: Control y reducción de nuevas formas de amenaza y vulnerabilidad Reducción del riesgo de desastre

28 Proyectos Dipecho Predes en Perú
Dipecho I: Con OXFAM GB: En Tugurios de Lima. con MPDL: En Cuenca del Rio Rimac, Huarochiri. Dipecho II: Con OXFAM GB: En 3 distritos de Moquegua Con MPDL: En 6 distritos de Cuenca Rimac, Lima Dipecho III: Con OXFAM GB: En 4 distritos altoandinos de Moquegua y Arequipa Dipecho IV: Con OXFAM GB: En 3 distritos de Sandia, Puno

29 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Desarrollo de capacidades organizativas y de gestión de actores locales para la preparación y prevención Formación de Promotores locales en Preparativos para emergencias y Prevención de desastres Jóvenes Voluntarios (JOVOS) capacitados para actuar en la atención de crisis en sus comunidades.

30 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Capacitación de autoridades educativas, docentes, estudiantes que incluyen la preparación ante desastres y la reducción de riesgos en el currículo Capacitación de Comunicadores sociales en Preparación y Prevención

31 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Estudios de peligros, vulnerabilidad y riesgos a nivel comunitario que sirven de base para los planes de preparativos para emergencias y para la reducción de riesgos y la planificación del desarrollo y su difusión de estos a todo nivel

32 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Planes de Preparativos para emergencias Planes de Prevención y Mitigación

33 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Producción de Materiales de sensibilización y capacitación sobre las amenazas, vulnerabilidades. Materiales de orientación y normas de conductas.

34 SAT - CUENCA SANDIA - DIPECHO PREDESANDIA – PUNO -PERU
PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO Sistemas de Alerta Temprana SAT - Comunitarios Cuyo Cuyo Conocimiento del Riesgo: Estudios Sistema de Monitoreo y alerta Difusión y comunicación Capacidad de respuesta Sandia Límite de cuenca adyacente Massiapo Zona de INTERCUENCAS SAT - CUENCA SANDIA - DIPECHO PREDESANDIA – PUNO -PERU

35 PRODUCTOS GENERADOS POR LOS PROYECTOS DIPECHO
Diseño y construcción de obras demostrativas de mitigación ante los diversas amenazas Estas obras constituyen en medios para el fortalecimiento y capacitación de la organización local propuestas técnicas

36 Soporte técnico y puente entre
la Ayuda Humanitaria - Preparación – Prevención Los proyectos Dipecho dan soporte técnico y sirven de puente entre la Ayuda Humaniaria – la Preparación ante desastres – la Prevención

37 ¿Estamos preparados?