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GESTIÓN DE CRISIS EN LA OTAN

Publicada porEnrique Padilla Roldán Modificado hace 10 años

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Presentación del tema: "GESTIÓN DE CRISIS EN LA OTAN"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 GESTIÓN DE CRISIS EN LA OTAN
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis GESTIÓN DE CRISIS EN LA OTAN INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO GENERAL GUTIÉRREZ MELLADO

2 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
“ la OTAN, que empezó siendo una organización de defensa, que en 1991 se transformó en una organización de defensa y seguridad, que tras la cumbre de Lisboa de 2010 se convirtió en una organización de seguridad y defensa, de seguir este camino terminará siendo una organización clásica de seguridad”

3 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
GUIÓN Evolución doctrinal de la OTAN. Procedimiento de gestión de crisis. Operaciones.

4 IX Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
Article 5 … armed attack against one or more ....shall be considered an attack against them all… and each of them… will assist the party or parties… by taking ..., individually and in concert with the other parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force

5 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
Artículo 4 …las partes se consultarán cuando a juicio de cualquiera de ellas, la integridad territorial, la independencia política o la seguridad de cualquiera de las partes fuese amenazada.

6 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
CONCEPTO ESTRATÉGICO 2010 ”…NATO has a unique and robust set of political and military capabilities to address the full spectrum of crisis – before, during and after conflict. NATO will actively employ an appropiate mix of those political and military tools….”.

7 TIPOS DE CRISIS Y OPERACIONES DE RESPUESTA
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis TIPOS DE CRISIS Y OPERACIONES DE RESPUESTA Artículo 5: Defensa colectiva. No Artículo 5: Operaciones de gestión de crisis. Intervenciones humanitarias o en desastres naturales o tecnológicos.

8 CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA GESTION DE CRISIS
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA GESTION DE CRISIS EAPC PfP NUC NGC Mediterranean Dialogue Istanbul Cooperation Initiative

9 EUROPEAN UNION Strategic Partnership Framework for NATO - EU dialogue
Implementation of Berlin Plus Mutually reinforcing military capabilities Cooperation in ‘joint’ theatres Cooperation in fight against terrorism

10 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
NATO- RUSSIA COUNCIL NRC RUS “We spend too much energy on what divides us. We should instead focus on what unites us. ”

11 MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE
IX Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE EGYPT JORDAN ISRAEL MAURITANIA MOROCCO TUNISIA ALGERIA

12 ISTANBUL COOPERATION INITIATIVE
IX Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis ISTANBUL COOPERATION INITIATIVE BAHRAIN K U W A I T Q A T A R UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

13 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

14 NATO HEADQUARTERS

15 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
DEFINICIÓN ”…es el conjunto de medidas militares y no militares que son necesarias adoptar para responder a una situación de crisis que amenace la seguridad nacional o internacional”.

16 North Atlantic Council
NAC highest authority Decisions by consensus Only NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL CMC SG SoC Perm Reps represent all elements of government Political control of the military at all times

17 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
KEY CM COMMITTEES Policy Coordination Group (PCG): handles pol/mil guidance & crisis management measures; acts as ‘lead committee’ in advising NAC… Military Committee (MC): advises the Council on the conduct of military affairs, but it is NOT part of the NATO C2 structure Political Committee (PC): handles political developments & options, public affairs Senior Civil Emergency Planning Committee (SCEPC): handles civil preparedness and support to the military

18 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
CRISIS MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE Multi-disciplinary, internationally staffed coordination task force(s) established early in the crisis by the SG Provides advice to Secretary General, and coordinates recommendations to NAC throughout the lifecycle of a crisis Representation from: IS operations, political, defence planning & public diplomacy staffs, IMS (ops/intel) & SCs, plus expertise (legal) as required Exercise CMTFs established for high-level exercises

19 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
CM OBJECTIVES Contribute to effective conflict prevention Manage crises effectively to prevent them becoming conflicts Ensure timely civil and military preparedness If hostilities, control, prevent escalation and persuade aggressor to cease attack & withdraw When escalation and hostilities stopped, de-escalate

20 NATO CRISIS MANAGEMENT PROCESS POLITICAL-MILITARY ESTIMATE PROCESS
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis NATO CRISIS MANAGEMENT PROCESS PHASE 1 PHASE 4 Planning And Execution PHASE 4 PHASE 5 PHASE 6 PHASE 5 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 Assessment Response Options Development Planning Execution Return To Stability Indications & Warning POLITICAL-MILITARY ESTIMATE PROCESS

21 Crisis Management at NATO Through consultation Assess the situation
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis Crisis Management at NATO Through consultation Assess the situation Consider options Take decision

22 NATO Crisis Response System (NCRS)
Integrated Preventive Options and Crisis Response Measures Pol/Mil + CEP NATO Intelligence & Warning System NATO’s Operational Planning System CEP Crisis Management Arrangements Comprehensive Art 5 & non-Art 5 operations Defence against terrorism & Counter proliferation Flexible Adaptable to varied crises situations Calibrated responses Preventive/Precautionary Preventive Options to prevent crisis escalation & conflict Crisis Response Measures to enhance Alliance preparedness

23 NATO CRISIS RESPONSE SYSTEM (NCRS)
IX Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis NATO CRISIS RESPONSE SYSTEM (NCRS) What Is It - really? NATO works by consensus, respecting national sovereignty But, decision-making is complicated and can be time consuming NCRS aims to aid decision-making But, its use must take account of political, as well as military and civil perspectives NCRS provides a means to get nations to take appropriate preparatory action, even before a decision on any major action has been made It’s all about saving time in decision-making.

24 NATO CRISIS RESPONSE PLANNING

25 Ensures INT & INFO Operates Acts As flow Provides Monitors Supports
NATO COMMUNICATIONS CENTRAL AGENCY Crisis Management Information Acts As Ensures INT & INFO flow NATO HQ CAPITALS STRATEGIC COMMANDERS CM FACILITIES Provides NATO Situation Centre POLITICAL MILITARY ECONOMIC MATTERS Monitors Maintains CRISIS INFORMATION Provides SUPPORT GIS Supports briefings PRESENTATIONS

26 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
ADAPTACIÓN AL NUEVO ENTONO ESTRATEGICO Y ECONOMICO Cumbre de Chicago 2012: Smart defense Connected forces Cumbre de Gales 2014 Readiness Action Plan Refuerzo de NRF

27 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
OPERACIONES OTAN DE GESTIÓN DE CRISIS A disposición OSCE y NNUU 1992 SFOR / IFOR 1995 Kosovo 1999 Active endeavour 2001 Macedonia 2002 Darfur/ Iraq ISAF

28 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS OPERACIONES OTAN
X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS OPERACIONES OTAN MISIONES ROBUSTAS CONJUNCIÓN TRANSATLÁNTICA PARTICIPACIÓN DE TERCEROS PAISES

29 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
Afganistán Kosovo Controlando el Mar Mediterráneo Contrapiratería en el Cuerno de África Apoyo a la Unión Africana OPERACIONES EN MARCHA ACTUALMENTE

30 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
La OTAN en Bosnia Herzegovina La OTAN en Macedonia Operaciones contraterroristas La segunda guerra del Golfo Protección de grandes acontecimientos públicos La OTAN en Iraq El huracán Katrina Asistencia humanitaria en el terremoto en Pakistán Asistencia a la Unión Africana en Darfur, Sudan Contrapiratería en el Golfo de Adén y el Cuerno de África La OTAN en Libia OPERACIONES YA FINALIZADAS

31 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis
Guerra Fría Después de la Guerra Fría Operación Anchor Guard (Agosto 1990 – Marzo 1991 Operación Ace Guard (Enero 1991 – Marzo 1991 Operación Allied Goodwill I & II (Febrero – Marzo 1992 Operación Agile Genie (Mayo 1992 X Curso de Gestión Internacional de Crisis OPERACIONES DESDE 1949 HASTA LOS PRIMEROS AÑOS 90

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