Secretaría del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica

El estado de la implementación del Convenio sobre la diversidad biológica y sus Protocolos
Secretaría del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica Total time: 45 minutes for making this presentation. The objective is to update participants on the status of, and trends in, implementing internationally agreed actions under the Convention and its Protocol. This update should serve as the basis for subsequent discussions on how to make use of the opportunities offered by the GEF-6 funding to implement NBSAPs and Aichi targets. Participants should be invited to raise questions. If you do not have sufficient information to respond, you can first invite GEF or other participants to answer or promise to bring their questions back to our office for a subsequent follow-up.

Panorama de la presentación
COP12/MOP7/MOP1 y Hoja de Ruta de Pyongchang Progreso hacía las Metas de Aichi Protocolo de Cartagena – Bioseguridad Protocolo de Nagoya – Acceso y beneficios

CBD COP 12 - Octubre 2014 - Corea
A total of 35 decisions were adopted in Pyeongchang: Decision XII/1: Mid-term review of progress in implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity including the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook, and actions to enhance implementation Decision XII/2: Review of progress in providing support in implementing the objectives of the Convention and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity , and enhancement of capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation and other initiatives to assist implementation Decision XII/3: Resource mobilization Decision XII/4: Integrating biodiversity into the post-2015 United Nations development agenda and the sustainable development goals Decision XII/5: Biodiversity for poverty eradication and sustainable development Decision XII/6: Cooperation with other conventions, international organizations and initiatives Decision XII/7: Mainstreaming gender considerations Decision XII/8: Stakeholder engagement Decision XII/9: Engagement with subnational and local governments Decision XII/10: Business engagement Decision XII/11: Biodiversity and tourism development Decision XII/12: Article 8(j) and related provisions Decision XII/13: Access and benefit-sharing Decision XII/14: Liability and redress in the context of paragraph 2 of Article 14 of the Convention Decision XII/15: Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Decision XII/16: Invasive alien species: management of risks associated with introduction of alien species as pets, aquarium and terrarium species, and as live bait and live food, and related issues Decision XII/17: Invasive alien species: review of work and considerations for future work Decision XII/18: Sustainable use of biodiversity: bushmeat and sustainable wildlife management Decision XII/19: Ecosystem conservation and restoration Decision XII/20: Biodiversity and climate change and disaster risk reduction Decision XII/21: Biodiversity and human health Decision XII/22: Marine and coastal biodiversity: ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (EBSAS) Decision XII/23: Marine and coastal biodiversity: Impacts on marine and coastal biodiversity of anthropogenic underwater noise and ocean acidification, priority actions to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 10 for coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems, and marine spatial planning and training initiatives Decision XII/24: New and emerging issues: synthetic biology Decision XII/25: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Decision XII/26: Improving the efficiency of structures and processes of the Convention: Subsidiary Body on Implementation Decision XII/27: Improving the efficiency of structures and processes of the Convention: Concurrent meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meetings of the Parties to the Protocols Decision XII/28: Retirement of decisions Decision XII/29: Improving the efficiency of structures and processes under the Convention: other matters Decision XII/30: Financial mechanism Decision XII/31: Multi-year programme of work of the Conference of the Parties up to 2020 Decision XII/32: Administration of the Convention and the budget for the Trust Funds of the Convention Decision XII/33: Tribute to the Government and people of the Republic of Korea 224 Decision XII/34: Date and venue of the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Decision XII/35: Date and venue of the fourteenth and fifteenth meetings of the Conference of the Parties

La Hoja de Ruta de Pyeongchang
Una colección de decisiones para mejorar la implementación del Plan Estratégico Medidas para alcanzar los Objetivos Estrategicios (XII/1) Desarrollo de capacidades y cooperación científica y técnica (XII/2) Movilización de recursos (XII/3) Desarrollo sostenible y erradicación de la pobreza (XII/4-5) Cooperación entre Convenios y otros (XII/6) Building from the conclusion that efforts to implement the Strategic Plan will need to be scaled up if it is to be achieved, one of the key outcomes from COP 12 is the The Pyeongchang Roadmap. The Pyeongchang Roadmap is a collection of decisions which aim to enhance the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Roadmap contains decisions related to further actions to enhance the implementation of the Strategic Plan (Decision XII/1 – based on GBO-4) and Enhancing capacity-building and technical and scientific cooperation (Decision XII/2) Resource Mobilization The Pyeongchang Roadmap also addresses issues related to the mobilization of resources. As Part of decision XII/3 several targets on resource mobilization were adopted including a commitment to double total biodiversity related international financial resource flows to developing countries by 2015… as well as to mobilize financial resources from all sources. Sustainable development and poverty eradication Welcomed the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem aspects into the sustainable development goals Welcomed the Chennai Guidance for the Integration of Biodiversity and Poverty Eradication The Pyeongchang Roadmap also addresses issues associated with the integration of biodiversity into sustainable development (Decision XII/4) as well as poverty eradication (Decision XII/5) Cooperation Improve cooperation among biodiversity-related conventions and other organizations Invites the United Nations and other organizations to further the integration of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets throughout the United Nations system Calls on the Liaison Group of the Biodiversity-related Conventions to enhance coherence and cooperation in the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity The final element of the Pyeongchang Roadmap addresses issues associated with cooperation with other conventions and international organisations (decision XII/6) This decision recognises that the implementation of the Strategic Plan will require the involvement of a range of actors throughout society.

Declaración de Gangwon
sobre biodiversidad para el desarrollo sostenible . Reafirma el compromiso para implementar el Plan Estratégico para la diversidad biológica Hace énfasis en la relevancia del Plan Estratégico para la agenda de desarrollo post-2015 Invita a la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas a integrar el Plan Estratégico en la agenda de desarrollo post-2015 During the High Level Segment of COP 12 Ministers and other heads of delegation adopted the Gangwon Declaration On Biodiversity For Sustainable Development. The declaration, among other things reaffirms the commitment to implement the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and emphasizes its relevant to the post 2015 sustainable development agenda.

“Tablero” Progreso hacia etas de Aichi
Elementos de la meta Elementos de la meta 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 la diversidad biológica situación de C A causas subyacentes Estado no es claro los beneficios de la diversidad biológica D B presiones directas No se ha evaluado E Mejorar la implementación No se ha evaluado

Evaluación de progreso hacia las metas
Basado en informes nacionales de 122 Partes (%) Información insuficiente Nos alejamos de la meta Sin progreso significativo Avanzado, ritmo insuficiente En camino a alcanzar la meta % de las 122 Partes En camino a superar la meta

Sin progreso significativo
Nos alejamos de la meta Sin progreso significativo Se ha avanzado hacia la meta, pero a un ritmo insuficiente En camino a alcanzar la meta En camino a superar No hubo información suficiente disponible No se ha evaluado

Evaluación de las metas
Notable Insuficiente Insignificante Marginal/Regresiva

Progreso notable Basado en GBO4: 65 informes + fuentes cientificas
GBO4 – Perspectiva Munidal sobre la Biodiversidad Tienen metas nacionales y planes de accion en relacion a la tematica de estas temas? Cuales son? Tienen financiamiento para estos planes? Fuentes? Son sufficientes? Que apoyo adicional a lo que se esta ofreciendo se necesitaria para implementar estas acciones? Basado en 7 informes nacionales de esta region

Recent trends, current status and projections
(Target 11) Taking current commitments into account, the element of Target 11 on conserving 17 per cent of terrestrial areas by 2020 is likely to be met globally, although protected area networks remain ecologically unrepresentative and many critical sites for biodiversity are poorly conserved. The element to protect 10% of coastal and marine areas is on course to be met in coastal waters, although open ocean and deep sea areas, including the high seas, are not well covered. Inadequate management of protected areas remains widespread. At least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas are conserved 4: Extrapolations show good progress and the target will be achieved if existing commitments on designating protected areas are implemented. Inland water protection has distinct issues. At least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are conserved 3: Marine protected areas are accelerating but extrapolations suggest we are not on track to meet the target. With existing commitments, the target would be met for territorial waters but not for exclusive economic zones or high seas Areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services conserved 3: Progress for protected Key Biodiversity Areas, but still important gaps. No separate measure for ecosystem services Conserved areas are ecologically representative 3: Progress, and possible to meet this target for terrestrial ecosystems if additional protected areas are representative. Progress with marine and freshwater areas, but much further to go Conserved areas are effectively and equitably managed 3: Reasonable evidence of improved effectiveness, but small sample size. Increasing trend towards community involvement in protection. Very dependent on region and location Conserved areas are well connected and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape 3: Initiatives exist to develop corridors and transboundary parks, but there is still not sufficient connection. Freshwater protected areas remain very disconnected For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

En sur america Guyana, Peru y Uruguay han ratificado el Protocolo
- Entry into force of the Protocol on 12 October 2014; - Launch of a functional ABS-CH platform prior to the entry into force of NP to facilitate its operationalization - With the functional ABS-CH and the results of COP MOP-1, target 16 is poised to become the first of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to be fully achieved The Nagoya Protocol is in force 5: The Nagoya Protocol will enter into force on 12 October 2014, ahead of the deadline set. The Nagoya Protocol is operational, consistent with national legislation 4: Given progress that has been made, it is likely that the Nagoya Protocol will be operational by 2015 in those countries that have ratified it For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 17) National biodiversity strategies and action plans are expected to be in place for most Parties by 2015, helping to translate the aims of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 into national actions. Submission of NBSAPs to Secretariat by (end of) : For those Parties for which information is available, about 40% are expected to have completed their NBSAP by October 2014 and about 90% by the end of 2015 NBSAPs adopted as effective policy instrument 3: The adequacy of available updated NBSAPs in terms of following COP guidance is variable NBSAPs are being implemented 3: The degree of implementation of updated NBSAPs is variable For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

EPANBs recibidas post-2010
EPANBs entregadas al CBD 44 EPANBs terminadas pero no entregadas (falta aprobación final) 13 Serán entregadas entre abril y junio 2015 19 Serán entregadas entre julio y septiembre 2015 21 Serán entregadas a finales del 2015 20 En progreso 58 No han comenzado el proceso 8 No tienen planes para revisar las EPANBs No se cuenta con información 3 TOTAL 194 Al 8 abril del 2015

Plan de Accion sobre Genero de la CBD, 2015-2020 (COP 12 Decision XII/7)
Incluye una variedad de acciones que las Partes pueden tomar para promover la integracion de una perspectiva de genero bajo el Convenio atraves de: Las Estragias Nacionales (EPANBs) La capacitacion La movilizacion de recursos Decision XII/7: Mainstreaming gender considerations A traves de la decision XII/7, la COP 12 alento a las Partes a integrar las consideraciones de genero en sus Estrategias Nacionales y Planes de Accion sobre la Biodiversidad y sus indicadores nacional, reconocio el Plan de Accion sobre Genero and pidio al Secretario Ejecutivo de apoyar la implementacion del Plan de Accion de Genero, incluyendo al nivel nacional. A traves de la decision XII/7, la COP 12 alento a las Partes a integrar las consideraciones de genero en sus Estrategias Nacionales y Planes de Accion sobre la Biodiversidad y sus indicadores nacional, reconocio el Plan de Accion sobre Genero and pidio al Secretario Ejecutivo de apoyar la implementacion del Plan de Accion de Genero, incluyendo al nivel nacional.

(Target 19) Data and information on biodiversity are being shared much more widely through initiatives promoting and facilitating free and open access to digitized records from natural history collections and observations, including through citizen science networks; however, much data and information remain inaccessible and capacity is lacking to mobilize them in many countries. Knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved 4: Significant effort on delivery of information and knowledge relevant to decision makers is being made, and relevant processes and institutions are in place Biodiversity knowledge, the science base and technologies are widely shared and transferred and applied 3: Improvements in analysis and interpretation of data gathered from disparate collecting and monitoring systems. However, coordination to guarantee models and technologies that can integrate this knowledge into functional applied systems needs to be improved For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

Progreso insuficiente
Tienen metas nacionales y planes de accion en relacion a la tematica de estos temas? Cuales son? Tienen financiamiento para estos planes? Fuentes? Son sufficientes? Que apoyo adicional a lo que se esta ofreciendo se necesitaria para implementar estas acciones?

(Target 1) Based on the limited evidence available, public awareness of biodiversity and its importance appears to be increasing in both the developed and developing world, although it remains at a low level in some countries. People are aware of the values of biodiversity: Limited geographical coverage of indicators. Strong regional differences People are aware of the steps they can take to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity: Evidence suggests a growing knowledge of actions available, but limited understanding of which will have positive impacts For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

Example: COP-12 Decision XII/2/C Communication, education and public awareness and the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity (UNDB) GEF can support actions by Parties to promote public awareness of the values of biodiversity, including assistance to: Establish and use national indicators for Aichi Target 1, for NBSAPs; Promote surveys on public awareness for general public, and key target groups; Work through mechanisms such as national committees, to promote communication strategies for the UNDB and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity ; Work with subnational authorities and their networks of partners to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans; Promote research and guidance on behavioural change methodologies and approaches to support communication and awareness-raising for the achievement of the Aichi Targets; GEF can also assist the ES to carry out the following: Facilitate the development of a global communication strategy for the UNDB; Develop, update and improve toolkits for communication, education and public awareness, ensuring that tools and approaches are relevant for the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and take into account new communication, marketing and social marketing perspectives;

(Target 2) Important progress has been achieved in incorporating biodiversity values into planning processes and strategies to reduce poverty. There has also been progress when it comes to integrating natural capital into national accounts. Wide variations among countries remain, but international initiatives are helping to reduce these differences. Biodiversity values integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies: Differences between regions. Evidence largely based on poverty reduction strategies Biodiversity values integrated into national and local planning processes: The evidence shows regional variation and it is not clear if biodiversity is actually taken into consideration Biodiversity values incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate: Initiatives such as WAVES show growing trend towards such incorporation Biodiversity values incorporated into reporting systems: Improved accounting implies improvement in reporting For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 7) Increased certified forestry, especially in boreal and temperate zones, and increased adoption of good agricultural practices signify more sustainable production. Nevertheless, unsustainable practices in agriculture, aquaculture and forestry still cause substantial environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Areas under agriculture are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity 3: Increasing area under sustainable management, based on organic certification and conservation agriculture. Nutrient use flattening globally. No-till techniques expanding Areas under aquaculture are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity 3: Progress with sustainability standards being introduced, but in the context of very rapid expansion. Questions about sustainability of expansion of freshwater aquaculture Areas under forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity 3: Increasing forest certification and criterion indicators. Certified forestry mostly in northern countries, much slower in tropical countries For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 18) Traditional knowledge continues to decline as indicated by the loss of linguistic diversity and large-scale displacement of indigenous and local communities, although this trend is reversed in some places through growing interest in traditional cultures and involvement of local communities in management of protected areas. Traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities are respected 3: Processes are under way internationally and in a number of countries to strengthen respect for, recognition and promotion of, traditional knowledge and customary sustainable use Traditional knowledge, innovations and practices are fully integrated and reflected in implementation of the Convention … 3: Traditional knowledge and customary sustainable use need to be further integrated across all relevant actions under the Convention … with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities 3: Efforts continue to enhance the capacities of indigenous and local communities to participate meaningfully in relevant processes locally, nationally and internationally but limited funding and capacity remain obstacles For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

The Convention on Biological Diversity, its Nagoya Protocol and Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP and LCs) The CBD addresses knowledge, innovations and practices (Traditional Knowledge) and Customary use of Biodiversity of IP and LCs in its Articles 8, paragraph (j), and 10 paragraph (c). COP adopted three indicators including Community-Based Monitoring and Information Systems (CBMIS). The Nagoya Protocol addresses traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources and the importance of the community protocols in the ABS process.

SCBD Activities on Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Customary Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity (CSU) Project: Training Programme on Community Protocols, Indicators and Customary Sustainable Use within the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity Participants will be able to develop: Community Protocols on traditional knowledge and will contribute to the process of entering into force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Use indicators on TK and CSU of biodiversity including Community-Based Monitoring and Information Systems (CBMIS) and assess the implementation of Target 18 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. Asia WS March 2016 Global Workshop June Guatemala Pacific WS June 2016 Lac WS Sept-Oct-2015 Africa WS Oct-Dec 2015 20 National or Subnational Training Workshops on Community Protocols, CSU and Indicators (5 per region) organized by trainers participants in the regional workshops 10 training materials/resources on Community Protocols, CSU and Indicators for national and subnational training workshops in Indigenous languages developed by trainers participants in the regional workshops

Mobilization of financial resources implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 from all sources has increased substantially from 2010 levels 3: Limited information on many funding sources, including domestic funding, innovative financial mechanisms, and the private sector. General increase in bilateral ODA against 2006–2010 baseline. For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

COP12: Estrategia para la Movilización de Recursos
Metas para la movilización de recursos Extensión de la Estrategia para la movilización de recursos con actividades concretas Lineamientos voluntarios en salvaguardias Modalidades e hitos para la reforma de incentivos (meta 3) Reporte financiero, transparencia y acceso a la información Acción colectiva de pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales Reporte de monitoreo global Apoyo técnico y desarrollo de capacidades T20 Decision XII/3: Resource mobilization Decision XII/30: Financial mechanism In decision XII/3 on resource mobilization, the Conference of the Parties recognizes that resource mobilization for implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets has an important role to play in the Financing For Development process, and the post-2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda, and the critical importance of domestic resource mobilization for implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity , and acknowledges that, in many developing countries, domestic resources already cover the largest share of biodiversity-related resource mobilization. Targets for resource mobilization Decision XII/3 reaffirms its commitment to an overall substantial increase in total biodiversity-related funding for the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 from a variety of sources, and adopts an addition targets for resource mobilization: mobilize domestic financial resources from all sources to reduce the gap between identified needs and available resources at domestic level, for effectively implementing by 2020 Parties’ national biodiversity strategies and action plans. It urges Parties and other Governments, with the support of international and regional organizations, to develop their national resource mobilization strategies or finance plans consistent with identified needs and priorities, using the targets for resource mobilization as a flexible framework. The decision further decides to review, at the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, progress towards the above targets, and their adequacy, and to consider the need for appropriate action, based on information provided by Parties through the Financial Reporting Framework, including their respective identified resource needs, and taking into account their absorption capacities. Strategy for resource mobilization Decision XII/3 extends the strategy for resource mobilization in support of the achievement of the Convention’s three objectives until It welcomes the second report of the High-level Panel on the Global Assessment of Resources for Implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity , and encourages Parties to consider its findings and the implementation of its recommendations. The decision welcomes the list of concrete and effective actions, as a flexible framework to complement the strategy for resource mobilization, and encourages Parties to make use of the strategy along with the list, as appropriate, for achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 20 and associated financial targets. Voluntary guidelines on safeguards Decision XII/3 adopts the voluntary guidelines on safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms, and urges Parties, other Governments, business organizations and other stakeholders to take the voluntary guidelines on safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms into account when selecting, designing and implementing biodiversity financing mechanisms, and when developing instrument-specific safeguards for them, with a view to effectively harnessing their positive effects and avoiding or mitigating negative effects, and to consider undertaking, as appropriate, a review and assessment of existing legislation and policies governing biodiversity financing mechanisms, with a view to identifying opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity and strengthening current policies and their complementary safeguards, and to make information on this work available to the Executive Secretary, including practical experiences and lessons learned. The decision requests the Executive Secretary to compile a synthesis of the information provided by Parties for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, at its first meeting. Modalities and milestones for incentive reform Decision XII/3 adopts the milestones, as contained in annex I to the present decision, as a flexible framework for the full implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3, in a manner that is consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socioeconomic conditions, and invites Parties to report progress in achieving these milestones, as well as any additional milestones and timelines established at the national level, through their national reports or, as appropriate, through the online reporting framework on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and, in submitting to the Executive Secretary the information referred to in paragraph 28 below in their national reports, to include in particular information on practical experiences in the implementation of biodiversity-related positive incentives and lessons learned in applying options for overcoming obstacles encountered in implementing policies for addressing harmful incentives. Financial reporting, transparency and accessibility of information Decision XII/3 adopts the revised Financial Reporting Framework, and requests the Executive Secretary to make the revised financial reporting framework available online to Parties and other Governments no later than 1 June 2015, and invites Parties and other Governments to report thereon, using online reporting systems, where feasible, by 31 December It also requests the Executive Secretary to integrate the financial reporting framework into the draft guidelines for the sixth national report, in a manner that maintains consistency between the formats for the fifth and sixth national reports as per paragraph 10 of decision X/10, in order to allow for long-term tracking of progress towards the achievement of all the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in an integrated and coordinated manner. The Executive Secretary is also requested to develop, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body on Implementation at its first meeting, options for strengthening systems of information on biodiversity-related international financial resource flows to developing countries, as well as on domestic resource flows, making use of the Financial Reporting Framework, with a view to further increasing transparency and accessibility of information to support the implementation of Article 20 of the Convention. The decision urges Parties and other Governments to report on their contribution to the collective efforts to reach the global targets for resource mobilization, against the established baseline, in their sixth national reports as well as subsequent national reports, and requests the Executive Secretary: to initiate technical work, subject to the availability of resources and in close cooperation with Parties as well as relevant international organizations, such as the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank, by organizing a technical expert workshop on identifying, accessing, compiling and aggregating domestic and international biodiversity-related investments and impacts, with a view to (i) presenting, sharing and reviewing existing national experiences; (ii) assessing experiences and methodologies applied in other sectors with a view to identifying opportunities for methodological transfer; and (iii) identifying options for convergence towards, and possible elements of, a common methodology; and to make the report of the workshop available as an element of voluntary guidance for Parties, with a view to facilitating financial reporting on domestic expenditures and the development of national finance plans; Collective action of indigenous and local communities Decision XII/3 recognizes, in the financial reporting framework, the role of collective action, including by indigenous and local communities, and non-market-based approaches for mobilizing resources for achieving the objectives of the Convention, including approaches such as community-based natural resource management, shared governance or joint management of protected areas, or through indigenous and community conserved territories and areas, and resolves to include activities that encourage and support such approaches into reporting under the Convention. It takes note of the report “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” and its summary, and invites Parties, other Governments, and relevant stakeholder organizations to consider the following steps for its further development: (a) To evaluate the contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation and resource mobilization, including by establishing pilot projects, making use of, and further developing, as appropriate, the “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” , and other experiences; (b) To provide, within available resources, financial and technical assistance to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition for undertaking activities referred to in subparagraph (a) above; (c) To provide, through the Financial Reporting Framework and other means, information on the contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation, including on experiences and lessons learned in applying pertinent methodologies. The decision requests the Executive Secretary, subject to the availability of resources, to facilitate the exchange of views and experiences on collective action of indigenous and local communities and make this information available through the clearing house mechanism of the Convention and to the Subsidiary Body on Implementation at its first meeting for its consideration for update and provision of relevant guidelines. Global monitoring report Decision XII/3 welcomes the global monitoring report on the implementation of the strategy for resource mobilization and encourages Parties to consider its findings, and further requests the Executive Secretary to include in the Global Monitoring Report on the Implementation of the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, available quantitative information on funding sources and flows as well as information on progress made in replicating and upscaling successful biodiversity financing mechanisms, as well as to further update and populate the clearing house mechanism of the Convention, with a view to sharing pertinent national programmes and initiatives and associated good practices and lessons learned. Technical support and capacity-building Decision XII/3 notes several initiatives and organizations: the Bio-Bridge Initiative; the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; the Biodiversity Finance Initiative of the United Nations Development Programme; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and its initiative on the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the World Trade Organization. It requests the Executive Secretary to continue and further strengthen cooperation with relevant organizations and initiatives, with a view to catalysing and supporting the provision of technical guidance and capacity-building on financial reporting, the identification of funding needs, gaps, and priorities, and the development of national resource mobilization strategies, and, in line with the programme of work on incentive measures, on the implementation of the milestones for the full operationalization of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3, including, subject to the availability of financial resources, by organizing workshops on these matters.

Progreso insignificante

(Target 3) Governments continue to provide subsidies harmful to biodiversity, and while agricultural subsidies are increasingly shifting towards positive incentives for conserving biodiversity, the evidence on whether these incentives will achieve their aims is inconclusive. Incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity, eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts: No significant overall progress, some advances but some backward movement. Increasing recognition of harmful subsidies but little action Positive incentives for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity developed and applied: Good progress but better targeting needed. Too small and still outweighed by perverse incentives For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 4) While natural resources are being used much more efficiently to produce goods and services, this progress is overwhelmed by our greatly increased total levels of consumption. It is unlikely that ecosystems can be kept within safe ecological limits given current patterns of consumption. Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve, or have implemented, plans for sustainable production and consumption…: Many plans for sustainable production and consumption are in place, but they are still limited in scale … and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits: All measures show an increase in natural resource use For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 6) Overfishing continues to be a major problem, with an increasing percentage of fish stocks overexploited, depleted or collapsed, and inappropriate fishing practices causing damage to habitats and non-target species. On the other hand, an increasing number of fisheries, concentrated in the developed countries, are certified as sustainable. All fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches 3: Great regional variation, positive for some countries but data limited for many developing countries Recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species 3: Variable, progress in some regions Fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems 2: Some progress e.g. on long-lining used in tuna fisheries, but practices still impacting vulnerable ecosystems The impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits, i.e. overfishing avoided 2: Overexploitation remains an issue globally, but with regional variation For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 9) Governments are increasingly taking steps to control and eradicate invasive alien species. For example a growing number of eradications, particularly from islands, show that reversing the threat from invasive species is often feasible and effective. However the overall rate of invasions, with great economic and ecological costs, shows no sign of slowing. Preventive measures have been taken in a limited number of countries. Invasive alien species identified and prioritized 3: Measures taken in many countries to develop lists of invasive alien species Pathways identified and prioritized 3: Major pathways are identified, but not efficiently controlled at a global scale Priority species controlled or eradicated 3: Some control and eradication, but data limited Introduction and establishment of IAS prevented 2: Some measures in place, but not sufficient to prevent continuing large increase in IAS For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 13) Genetic diversity of domesticated livestock is eroding, with more than one-fifth of breeds at risk of extinction and the wild relatives of domesticated crop species are increasingly threatened by habitat fragmentation and climate change. The genetic diversity of cultivated plants is maintained 3: Ex situ collections of plant genetic resources continue to improve, albeit with some gaps. There is limited support to ensure long term conservation of local varieties of crops in the face of changes in agricultural practices and market preferences The genetic diversity of farmed and domesticated animals is maintained 3: There are increasing activities to conserve breeds in their production environment and in gene banks, including through in-vitro conservation, but to date, these are insufficient The genetic diversity of wild relatives is maintained 2: Gradual increase in the conservation of wild relatives of crop plants in ex situ facilities but their conservation in the wild remains largely insecure, with few protected area management plans addressing wild relatives The genetic diversity of socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species is maintained: Insufficient data to evaluate this element of the target Strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding genetic diversity 3: The FAO Global Plans of Action for plant and animal genetic resources provide frameworks for the development of national and international strategies and action plans For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 15) However, restoration is under way for some depleted or degraded ecosystems, especially wetlands and forests, sometimes on a very ambitious scale, as in China. Many countries, organizations and companies have pledged to restore large areas. Abandonment of farmland in some regions including Europe, North America and East Asia is enabling ‘passive restoration’ on a significant scale. Ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced through conservation and restoration 2: Despite restoration and conservation efforts, there is still a net loss of forests, a major global carbon stock At least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems are restored, contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to combating desertification 3: Many restoration activities under way, but hard to assess whether they will restore 15% of degraded areas For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

Progreso marginal/regresivo

(Target 5) Loss of forest habitats in some regions, for example the Brazilian Amazon, has been significantly slowed. However, deforestation in many other tropical areas of the world is still increasing, and habitats of all types, including grasslands, wetlands and river systems, continue to be fragmented and degraded. The rate of loss of forests is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero: Deforestation significantly slowed in some tropical areas, although still great regional variation The loss of all habitats is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero: Varies among habitat types, data scarce for some biomes Degradation and fragmentation are significantly reduced: Habitats of all types, including forests, grasslands, wetlands and river systems, continue to be fragmented and degraded. For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 8) Nutrient pollution has stabilized in parts of Europe and North America but is projected to increase in other regions, and remains a significant threat to aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. Other forms of pollution such as from chemicals, pesticides and plastics are increasing. Pollutants (of all types) have been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity: Highly variable between pollutants Pollution from excess nutrients has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity 1: Nutrient use leveling off in some regions, e.g. Europe and North America, but at levels that are still detrimental to biodiversity. Still rising in other regions. Very high regional variation For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 10) Multiple land and marine based pressures on coral reefs continue to increase, although some large coral areas are being incorporated into marine protected areas. Less information is available regarding trends for other ecosystems especially vulnerable to climate change, including mountain ecosystems such as cloud forest and páramos (high altitude tundra in tropical Americas) as well as low-lying ecosystems vulnerable to sea-level rise. Multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning 1: Pressures such as land-based pollution, uncontrolled tourism still increasing, although new marine protected areas may ease overfishing in some reef regions Multiple anthropogenic pressures on other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning: Insufficient information was available to evaluate the target for other vulnerable ecosystems including seagrass habitats, mangroves and mountains For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 12) Despite individual success stories, the average risk of extinction for birds, mammals and amphibians is still increasing. Extinction of known threatened species has been prevented 2: Further extinctions likely by 2020, e.g. for amphibians and fish. For bird and mammal species some evidence measures have prevented extinctions The conservation status of those species most in decline has been improved and sustained 1: Red List Index still declining, no sign overall of reduced risk of extinction across groups of species. Very large regional differences For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

(Target 14) Habitats important for ecosystem services, for example wetlands and forests, continue to be lost and degraded. Ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded … 2: High variation across ecosystems and services. Ecosystems particularly important for services, e.g. wetlands and coral reefs, still in decline … taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable 1: Poor communities and women especially impacted by continuing loss of ecosystem services For GBO-4 information from 65 national reports provided by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was assessed The information shows that for all of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets progress is being made at an insufficient rate to attain the targets by their deadline (yellow area).

sobre acceso y participación en los beneficios
Protocolo de Nagoya sobre acceso y participación en los beneficios COP-MOP 1 13 oct. al 17 oct. 2014 The first COP/MOP of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing convened in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea 54 Parties to the Nagoya Protocol adopted a total of 13 decisions. NP-1/1. Rules of procedure for meetings of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Nagoya Protocol NP-1/2. The Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House and information-sharing (Article 14) NP-1/3. Monitoring and reporting (Article 29) NP-1/4. Cooperative procedures and institutional mechanisms to promote compliance with the Nagoya Protocol and to address cases of non-compliance NP-1/5. Model contractual clauses, voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines and best practices and/or standards (Articles 19 and 20) NP-1/6. Matters related to the financial mechanism NP-1/7. Resource mobilization for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol NP-1/8. Measures to assist in capacity-building and capacity development (Article 22) NP-1/9. Measures to raise awareness of the importance of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (Article 21) NP-1/10. The need for and modalities of a global multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism (Article 10) NP-1/11. Improving the efficiency of structures and processes under the Convention and the Protocols: Subsidiary Body on Implementation NP-1/12. Improving the efficiency of structures and processes under the Convention and the Protocols: concurrent meetings of the Conference of the Parties and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocols NP-1/13. Programme budget for the biennium following the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol

Por qué es importante el Protocolo de Nagoya?
Nuevo tratado internacional: Entró en vigor el 12 de octubre del 2014 Avanza el tercer objetivo del Convenio: la participación justa y equitativa en los beneficios que se deriven de la utilización de los recursos genéticos, mediante, entre otras cosas, un acceso adecuado a esos recursos y una transferencia apropiada de tecnologías pertinentes Actualmente tiene 59 Partes Proporciona seguridad jurídica y un marco transparente para ABS: Para proveedores: Fortaleciendo las oportunidades para la participación justa y equitativa derivada de la utilización de los recursos genéticos Previniendo la apropiación indebida de los recursos genéticos y conocimientos tradicionales asociados Para usuarios: Estableciendo procedimientos claros y condiciones predecibles para el acceso a recursos genéticos The Nagoya Protocol seeks to create legal certainty through a transparent framework on ABS.

Por qué es importante el Protocolo de Nagoya?
Promueve el desarrollo de una manera sostenible: Beneficios compartidos, como: transferencia de tecnología, investigación conjunta y el desarrollo de capacidades puede crear oportunidades para que los países desarrollen capacidades de investigación doméstica y puedan agregar valor a sus propios recursos genéticos Desarrollo de nuevos productos basados en recursos genéticos y conocimiento tradicional Promoviendo nuevas oportunidades de negocios Avance de la investigación científica para la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad Compartir beneficios crea un incentivo para una mayor conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad Los pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales se pueden beneficiar de su conocimiento tradicional asociado con los recursos genéticos, creando incentivos para promover y proteger el conocimiento tradicional

Por qué es esencial el apoyo del GEF?
Con la entrada en vigor del Protocolo, los países necesitan recursos para establecer un entorno propicio para ABS para contribuir eficazmente al desarrollo económico y científico, a la erradicación de la pobreza, así como a la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad Estos esfuerzos contribuirán a lograr la totalidad de la Meta de Aichi 16: El Protocolo de Nagoya estará en vigor y en funcionamiento, conforme a la legislación nacional Countries need take actions to create the necessary enabling environment for ABS to play an effective role in scientific and economic development as well as in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. These efforts include: - Ratification of the Protocol for those that have not already done so Development of their national legal frameworks including ABS measures Putting in place the necessary institutional arrangements such as competent national authorities Undertaking capacity-building for implementing the Protocol including to implement national ABS measures and negotiate agreements Raising the awareness of the different actors (providers and users of GR and TK) involved in access and benefit-sharing Actors involved in ABS: governments, ILCs, research institutions, universities, botanical gardens, ex situ collections, business community as users of GR (e.g. cosmetics, botanicals, pharma, agricultural sector, food and beverages, industrial biotech)

Acciones Urgentes Ratificar el Protocolo de Nagoya
Desarrollar una estrategia de APB Desarrollar (or modificar) el marco legislativo o regulatorio de APB Poner en marcha los necesarios arreglos institucionales Desarrollar capacidad para aplicar y cumplir con las obligaciones del Protocolo, incluida la capacidad para: El desarrollo, aplicación y cumplimiento de las medidas de APB La negociación de las condiciones mutuamente acordadas Añadir valor a los recursos genéticos Aumentar la concienciación de los actores implicados Participar en el Centro de Intercambio de Information de APB

Protocolo de Cartagena
sobre Bioseguridad COP-MOP 7 29 sept. al 3 oct. 2014 A total of 14 decisions were adopted: BS-VII/1. Compliance BS-VII/2. Operation and Activities of the Biosafety Clearing-House BS-VII/3. Assessment and review of the effectiveness of the Protocol (Article 35) BS-VII/4. Contained use of living modified organisms BS-VII/5. Matters related to the financial mechanism and resources BS-VII/7. Report of the Executive Secretary on the administration of the Protocol BS-VII/8. Handling, transport, packaging and identification (Article 18) BS-VII/9. Report of the Executive Secretary on the administration of the Protocol and on budgetary matters: improving the efficiency of structures and processes under the Convention and its protocols BS-VII/10. Unintentional transboundary movements and emergency measures (Article 17) BS-VII/11. Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress BS-VII/12. Risk assessment and risk management (Articles 15 and 16) BS-VII/13. Socio-economic considerations BS-VII/14. Monitoring and reporting (Article 33)

Progreso hacia la implementación del Protocolo, en particular:
Evaluación y gestión de riesgo (Art. 15 y16) Consideraciones socio-económicas (Art. 26) Evaluación y revisión de la eficacia del Protocolo (Art. 35) Risk Assessment and Risk Management (Articles 15 and 16) - Welcomed the results of the testing of the Guidance on Risk Assessment of LMOs and invitation to test or use it - Extension of Online Forum and the AHTEG; with a mandate to revise the Guidance - Recommended a coordinated approach with the COP on the issue of synthetic biology Socio-economic considerations (Article 26) - AHTEG on Socio-economic Considerations to be extended with a mandate to further develop conceptual clarity on socio-economic considerations arising from the impact of LMOs - Convening of online discussion groups to facilitate the exchange of views on socio-economic considerations in the context of Protocol Article 26(1) Assessment and review of the effectiveness of the Protocol (Article 35) - Third assessment and review of effectiveness of the Protocol to be combined with the mid-term evaluation of the Strategic Plan at COP-MOP - Evaluation to draw upon information from the third national reports as a primary source, the BCH, and, where appropriate, additional data collected through surveys Progress on other Articles of the Protocol: - Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress - Unintentional Transboundary Movements and Emergency Measures (Article 17) - Handling, Transport, Packaging and Identification (Article 18) - Contained Use (Article 6)

GEF Expanded Constituency Workshop
Apoyo del FMAM (GEF) para bioseguridad – estado y tendencias 22 March 2011 Desde el GEF-4, se han reducido significativamente los recursos GEF programados para bioseguridad: En GEF-4, la asignación nacional fue de$75M (8% del total de la meta de áreas focales de biodiversidad) En GEF-5, la asignación nacional fue de $40M (4%) In GEF-6, la asignación nacional es de $30M (2%) Varios factores que han influenciado esta tendencia: En algunos países, la bioseguridad tiene una prioridad menor, comparado con otros temas de biodiversidad Los puntos focales del Protocolo no están involucrados activamente en la priorización de la asignación de los recursos GEF para el país The OPS-5 report noted that the introduction of the RAF and the STAR systems contributed to the decline in the funding requests for biosafety projects; because each country decides which priorities to support with its national allocation, in some countries biosafety is a lower national priority ; in other cases the biosafety focal points are less involved in the prioritization of GEF national allocation; and in other cases countries prefer to address biosafety through transboundary projects which can be challenging with the individual country allocations. Kyiv, Ukraine

COP-MOP 7 - Decisiones relacionadas al GEF
Se invita/alienta a los países a: Priorizar los proyectos de bioseguridad cuando programen su asignación nacional del GEF-6 Incorporar bioseguridad en proyectos multi-focales Cooperar a nivel regional y subregional para pedir apoyo a GEF para proyectos conjuntos Concientizar a los oficiales relevante s(por ej. los puntos focales de GEF), sobre la importancia de la bioseguridad y las obligaciones nacionales dentro del Protocolo Mejorar la coordinación entre el Protocolo, el CDB y los puntos focales de GEF Integrar y priorizar bioseguridad en las EPANBs y en los planes nacionales de desarrollo Estas acciones tambien son muy relevantes al Protocolo de Nagoya

Áreas prioritarias Marco nacional de bioseguridad
Evaluación y gestión de riesgo; Manejo, transporte, empaque e identificación de OVM (LMOs); Responsabilidad y compensación (N-KLSP ratificación e implementación); Concientización, educación, acceso a la información y participación Intercambio de información (participación en el BCH) Educación y entrenamiento sobre bioseguridad Actividades recomendadas por el Comité de Cumplimiento Consideraciones socio-económicas For What? Priorities for GEF-6 (Outcome-oriented framework of programme priorities : COP Decision XI/5, Appendix II, paragraph 2(n)) Based on COP guidance to the GEF, in particular: Elements of the Strategic Plan for the CPB Framework and action plan for capacity building N-KLSP ratification & implementation Activities identified in country stocktaking: Main priority - supporting NBF implementation Thematic projects addressing specific CPB provisions

Asignación y uso de recursos GEF, por país
País (BD) Asignación GEF-4 Uso Porcentaje GEF4 Asignación GEF-5 Porcentaje GEF5 Argentina 15.10 14.48 95.89% 14.61 14.52 99.38% Bolivia 11.60 10.34 89.14% 11.44 90.38% Brasil 66.60 66.59 99.98% 68.22 67.72 99.27% Chile 16.15 12.78 79.13% 18.09 17.41 96.24% Colombia 38.65 33.27 86.08% 37.49 36.67 97.81% Ecuador 23.95 23.98 100.13% 24.37 22.70 93.15% Paraguay 3.80 1.30 34.21% 2.95 100.00% Perú 25.75 20.40 79.22% 26.25 24.99 95.20% Uruguay 1.10 28.95% 1.99 2.04 102.51%

Gracias!! Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
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