Introducción a la macroeconomía: Desempleo

Presentación del tema: "Introducción a la macroeconomía: Desempleo"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Introducción a la macroeconomía: Desempleo
Marcela Eslava Universidad de Los Andes Septiembre de 2018

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5 Colombia salario mínimo

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7 Tomado de “Historias del salario mínimo”, Marc Hofstetter Blogoeconomía lasillavacia.com

8 Sobrecostos laborales de la regulación

9 Sobrecostos laborales: desglose

10 Tasa de desempleo por ciudades
Fuente: DANE. GEIH.

11 Efectos de la reforma tributaria de 2012 en Colombia (reducción de contribuciones financiada con reducción de exenciones. Bernal, Eslava, Meléndez (2017, Economía)

12 Effects of Employment Protection on Worker and Job Flows: Evidence from the 1990 Italian Reform Adriana Kugler and Giovanni Pica, NBER Working Paper No , Sept ABSTRACT This paper uses the Italian Social Security employer-employee panel to study the effects of the Italian reform of 1990 on worker and job flows. We exploit the fact that this reform increased unjust dismissal costs for firms below 15 employees, while leaving dismissal costs unchanged for bigger firms, to set up a natural experiment research design. We find that the increase in dismissal costs decreased accessions and separations for workers in small relative to big firms, especially in sectors with higher employment volatility. Moreover, we find that the reform reduced firms' employment adjustments on the internal margin as well as entry rates while increasing exit rates.

13 Seguros de desempleo

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16 Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Unemployment Insurance from New York State Bruce D. Meyer and Wallace K. C. Mok, NBER Working Paper No , January 2007 ABSTRACT This paper examines unemployment duration and the incidence of claims following a 36 percent increase in the maximum weekly benefit in New York State. This benefit increase sharply increased benefits for a large group of claimants, while leaving them unchanged for a large share of claimants who provide a natural comparison group. The New York benefit increase has the special features that it was unexpected and applied to in-progress spells. These features allow the effects on duration to be convincingly separated from effects on incidence. The results show a sharp fall in the hazard of leaving UI that coincides with the increase in benefits. The evidence is also consistent with a substantial effect of the benefit level on the incidence of claims and with this change in incidence biasing duration estimates. The evidence further suggests that, at least in this case, standard methods that identify duration effects through nonlinearities in the benefit schedule are not badly biased.

17 Seguro desempleo en Colombia
Desde 2003 quien venía cotizando EPS puede pedir una vez en la vida un subsidio de un SMMLV, dividido en seis cuotas mensuales. Desde 2013, además, si venía pagando caja de compensación, recibirá seis meses de protección en seguridad social y de subsidio familiar con dineros del Estado y con la base del salario mínimo. También “una compensación adicional en dinero” si pagaba cesantías.