Ciencias de la tierra II

Presentación del tema: "Ciencias de la tierra II"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Ciencias de la tierra II
OIL (Session 27) Ciencias de la tierra II

2 Ciencias de la tierra II
Oil Oil is a complex mixture of organic components, the majority are alcanes and aromatic hydrocarbures. Also, there are small amounts of components that contain oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Ciencias de la tierra II

3 Ciencias de la tierra II
Handwerker, M. (1987) Ciencias de la tierra II

4 Ciencias de la tierra II
Formation of oil Natural gas and oil are formed through a long process (millions of years) of decompostion and transformation of plants and animals of other geological eras. Generally they are found in deposits, in superior layers of porous soil, such as clay and sand. These deposits are covered by hard rock. Ciencias de la tierra II

5 Factors effecting the formation of Oil
We need the correct amount of the following for Oil to be formed Pressure Temperature Density Types of Rock WITH THESE FACTORS IN PLACE, GAS AND OIL MIGRATE AND COLLECT TO FORM POCKETS IN THE ROCK Ciencias de la tierra II

6 Ciencias de la tierra II
Extraction of oil Ciencias de la tierra II

7 Separation of the composition of oil
Apply the fractional distilation method, This consists of separating the components of oil based on their different boiling points (volatility). The molecules that remain after distillation are called heavy residual, they have long carbon chains and are used to fabricated asphalt. Ciencias de la tierra II

8 Fractions obtaned by oil destillation
Ciencias de la tierra II

9 Ciencias de la tierra II
Oil chemistry There is an entire Industry dedicated to obtaining products chemical derivatives of natural gas and oil. Principal products of oil chemistry: Fertilizers Insecticides Synthetic materials Plastics Diverse Polymers Medicines Paint, etc. Ciencias de la tierra II

10 Ciencias de la tierra II
Bibliography Handwerker, M. (1987) Energy Skill Builders: Refining Oil. 1era ed. Estados Unidos de América: Enterprise for Education, Inc. Rakoff, H. et al. (1992) Química Orgánica Fundamental. 1era ed. México: LIMUSA Ciencias de la tierra II