Using the Subjunctive Mood in Spanish El Subjuntivo Using the Subjunctive Mood in Spanish

What differences do you see in the following sentences? It’s raining outside. I hope that it’s raining outside. We will have a lot of homework. I don’t want us to have a lot of homework. She eats healthy food. It’s good that she eats healthy food. I’m certain that he is coming. I doubt that he is coming.

The subjunctive… Is a mood, not a tense. *A tense deals with when something happens (past, present). Example: We’re going to the beach tomorrow. *A mood expresses how a speaker feels about something. Example: I am happy that we are going to the beach tomorrow.

Summary: The Subjunctive: The Indicative: Uncertainty/Subjectivity Certainty/Objectivity Examples: Yo creo que vamos a ganar. Es cierto que no tenemos tarea. The Subjunctive: Uncertainty/Subjectivity Examples: Dudo que vayamos a ganar. Es posible que no tengamos tarea.

In order to use the subjunctive… There must be 2 clauses in a sentence separated by the word que (that). (A clause = a group of words with a subject and a conjugated verb) 2. There must be a subject change between clauses. 3. The main clause must be an expression of will (hope, want, wish), doubt or denial, emotion, or an impersonal expression (it’s possible, it’s necessary). Main Clause Connector Subordinate Clause I doubt that the movie is good. He hopes that she doesn’t arrive late. It’s good that we don’t have homework. We don’t believe that they have the money.

When there is no subject change… An infinitive is often used. Examples: I want to go with you. Quiero ir contigo. It’ necessary to study every night. Es necesario estudiar cada noche. It’s good to exercise. Es bueno hacer ejercicio.

Would the high-lighted verb be in the subjunctive or the indicative mood? We hope that you have a good time. I think that this is difficult. I wish that we didn’t have to leave. I want to eat chocolate. I hope that I have a good time. It’s possible that it is snowing outside. They doubt that we will win. She believes that it is important. We think that the book is good. It’s terrible that she is sick.

Verbs that are irregular in the present tense yo form are irregular in the subjunctive mood. Subjunctive Form dar dé estar esté haber haya saber sepa ser sea ir vaya

Verbs with spelling changes: Verbs ending in –car the c changes to qu Ex: yo sace – yo saque, tú saques, etc Verbs ending in –gar the g becomes gu Ex: yo juege – yo juegue, tú juegues, etc Verbs ending in –zar the z changes to c Ex: yo empieze – yo empiece, etc

Other spelling changes: Verbs ending in –ger and –gir the g changes to j before an a Examples: escoger - yo escoja elegir - yo elija tú escojas tú elijas ella escoja él elija nosotros escojamos nosotros elijamos ellos escojan ellas elijan

Other spelling changes: Verbs ending in –guir the gu changes to g before an a Example: seguir - yo siga tú sigas ella siga nosotros sigamos ellos sigan

Expressions of wishes, hope, desire Mr. Factual Mr. Dreamer El subjuntivo es divertido. Espero que sea divertido estudiar el subjuntivo.

Examples: Quiero que me llames después de clase. I want you to call me after class. Esperamos que sirvan pizza hoy. We hope that they serve pizza today. Ellos desean que ella venga temprano. They want her to come early.

Complete the following sentences with a verb in the subjunctive. Deseo que mi madre/padre ___________________________. Quiero que mis amigos _______________________________. Espero que tú _______________________________________.

Expressions of emotion Mr. Factual Mr. Dreamer Estudiamos el subjuntivo más. Estoy contento que estudiemos el subjuntivo más.

In Spanish, you must use the subjunctive after an expression of emotion, regardless of whether or not the information is true. Examples: Estoy contenta que mi amiga llegue hoy. Es malo que muchos estudiantes no comprendan la información. Es triste que estés enfermo.

Complete the following sentences with a verb in the subjunctive. Me alegro de que ___________________________. Es una lástima que __________________________. Me encanta que ____________________________.

Impersonal Expressions Mr. Factual Mr. Dreamer Es importante que aprendamos usar el subjuntivo. Aprendemos usar el subjuntivo.

(No) es importante que… To present an opinion, the subjunctive is often used with the following impersonal expressions. (No) es bueno que… (No) es malo que … (No) es importante que… (No) es posible que … (No) es imposible que… (No) es raro que … (No) es necesario que … (No) es probable que …

Examples: Es importante que vengamos a tiempo. Es posible que tengamos tarea esta noche. Es raro que ellos no escuchen.

Remember: Some impersonal Expressions demonstrate certainty and are used with the indicative. Es evidente que… Es obvio que … Es verdad que … Es cierto que… No es dudoso que … Examples: Es evidente que ella dice la verdad. Es cierto que él es muy inteligente.

Verbs of influence Mr. Factual Mr. Dreamer Debes estudiar español todos los días. Recomiendo que estudies español todos los días.

Verbs of doubt and denial Mr. Factual Mr. Dreamer Creo que va a llover hoy. Dudo que vaya a llover hoy.

Examples: Dudo que él gane la elección. Es dudoso que yo saque una buena nota en el examen. Es improbable que ellos estén listos ahora.

Complete the following sentences: Dudo que mi amgio _________________________. No es verdad que ___________________________. Es improbable que __________________________.

Ojalá *Cannot be conjugated *Is a word of Arabic origin that can be roughly translated as: “If Allah wants it” or “God willing” *Means the same thing as “hopefully” or “I hope” but has a little stronger meaning than the verb esperar. *Can be used with or without the word que. *The verb after ojalá should be in the subjunctive. Examples: ¡Ojalá que llueva! I hope it rains! ¡Ojalá ella lo haga! I hope she does it!